The thymus is a key organ for the development and maturation of T cells, and its resection may have profound effects on the body’s immune function. Postoperative immune alterations may include reduced diversity of the T-cell repertoire, accelerated immune senescence, and dysfunction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). There may also be an increased long-term risk of infections, autoimmune diseases, and tumors. Furthermore, the immunological impact varies significantly among different populations and between partial and total thymectomy. Current research findings remain controversial, limited by factors such as substantial population heterogeneity and short follow-up periods. Future studies should involve multicenter, long-term, large-scale follow-up research. Additionally, individualized surgical and intervention strategies should be developed to improve the long-term prognosis of patients.
Objective To analyze and summarize the research progression of phenotypic markers of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell （HSEC） and its role in the development and progression of the liver diseases. Methods Databases such as PubMed， Wanfang， CNKI， etc were retrieved for the latest articles on research advance in HSEC using “hepatic sinus endothelial cell”， “liver regeneration”， and “liver disease” as key words. All of the publications about studies on relation between HSEC and liver disease were reviewed and summarized. Results HSEC with specific cytoarchitectures and phenotypic markers was initially received “the message of damage” in the process of liver regeneration， hepatic immunological tolerance， hepatic fibrosis， and liver damage. Additionally， HSEC as the first barrier not only enabled liver to be protected but also was regarded as the first alternation of liver damage. Therefore， HSEC played a great important role in the process of the onset and progression of the liver disease. Conclusions The function of HSEC is complex. How do play a role and its the mechanism is unclarified， it is needed to be further studied.
