ObjectiveTo conduct pharmacovigilance signal mining and safety analysis of losartan potassium based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database, providing references for rational clinical drug use. MethodsThe study collected adverse event reports from the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2004 to the first quarter of 2024. After data cleaning and de-duplication, reports with losartan potassium as the main suspected drug were selected. Adverse events were coded and classified using the preferred term (PT) and system organ class (SOC) in the medical dictionary for regulatory activities (MedDRA). Two non-Bayesian methods, reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR), were used for signal detection, and the generated effective signals needed to meet specific statistical thresholds. Additionally, subgroup analyses based on age and weight were conducted, and descriptive statistics and Weibull distribution tests were performed on the time-to-onset (TTO) to analyze the risk pattern over time. ResultsA total of 11 175 adverse event reports with losartan potassium as the main suspected drug were identified. Female reporters were more than male (55.8% vs. 35.6%), and the majority of patients were aged 65-85 years (32.3%). A total of 369 effective adverse event signals were generated, involving 27 SOC. The most frequent system organ categories for adverse events included nervous system disorders, various examinations, and gastrointestinal disorders. In terms of signal strength, vascular diseases and metabolic and nutritional disorders showed the strongest association signals. At the preferred term level, dizziness, elevated blood pressure, and hypertension had the highest reporting frequencies, among which heart failure was a significant signal not mentioned in the drug instructions. Subgroup analysis showed that the signal strength of hyponatremia was higher in elderly patients (>80 years old). The median time to onset of adverse events was 106 days, with most events concentrated within one month and one year after medication. The Weibull distribution test (shape parameter β=0.62, 95%CI 0.61 to 0.64) indicated that the overall risk decreased over time (early failure type). ConclusionThis study confirmed the known adverse reactions of losartan potassium (such as dizziness and hyperkalemia) through large-scale real-world data and revealed potential risk signals (such as heart failure and hyponatremia in specific populations). The analysis of medication time provided a basis for monitoring key time points in clinical practice. It is recommended that clinicians pay particular attention to high-risk patients such as the elderly and those on combination therapy when using losartan potassium, and strengthen the monitoring of blood potassium, blood sodium, and renal function, as well as be vigilant about the risk of adverse events in the early and long-term use.
Objective To assess the burden of thyroid cancer (TC) attributable to high body mass index (BMI) in China from 1990 to 2021. In addition, we analyzed the effects of age, period, and cohort on the trends in TC burden and projected the disease burden from 2022 to 2050. Methods Data derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database were employed. Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC). To elucidate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort, we employed an APC model. In addition, a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was applied to project the future burden of TC associated with high BMI in China during 2022-2050. Results From 1990 to 2021 in China, mortality from TC attributable to high BMI increased, with stable age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) but rising age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR). APC model analysis revealed that the age effect indicated a gradual increase in disease burden with advancing age. The time effect showed a decline in mortality risk from 1999 to 2004, followed by a rise in disease burden over time thereafter. The cohort effect demonstrated a persistent increase in disease risk, suggesting a growing disease burden among younger cohorts. Conclusion Between 1990 and 2021, China’s TC burden attributable to high BMI increased, with projections indicating further rises among males but declines among females, highlighting the need for targeted obesity prevention.
