Lung cancer is the most prevalent and lethal malignant tumor in China, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for approximately 85% of cases. Although surgery remains the primary treatment modality for early- to mid-stage patients, the risk of postoperative recurrence and metastasis remains high. Conventional adjuvant chemotherapy offers limited therapeutic benefits and is associated with significant adverse reactions. In recent years, targeted therapy has demonstrated remarkable advantages in the treatment of NSCLC with driver gene mutations. Accordingly, the guideline working group has drafted the "Protocol for guidelines for the perioperative diagnosis and treatment of oncogene-driven non-small cell lung cancer (2026)", which provides a comprehensive overview of the guideline formulation process.
Lung cancer constitutes the most prevalent and lethal malignant tumor in China. Approximately 85% of lung cancer diagnoses correspond to the non-small cell histological subtype [non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)]. Despite surgery being the mainstay for early-stage disease, postoperative recurrence remains high and adjuvant chemotherapy offers limited benefit. In recent years, targeted therapy has demonstrated substantial advantages in driver mutation-positive NSCLC. To this end, the Lung Cancer Medical Education Committee of the Chinese Medical Education Association developed guidelines based on a systematic review of evidence through November 2025, using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach and a modified Delphi method. Focusing on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and addressing c-ROS oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) V600E mutation, and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) exon 14 (METex14) skipping, the guideline covers molecular testing, neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy, perioperative strategies, MRD monitoring, and postoperative surveillance. It defines testing requirements, specifies stage-directed and subtype-specific treatments, and standardizes minimal residual disease monitoring. These recommendations emphasize precision and feasibility to improve survival and quality of life.
