Objective To investigate the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its clinical significance in blood plasma of patients with breast tumor. Methods The level of SDF-1 protein was examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in blood plasma of 26 patients with breast benign tumor and 52 patients with breast cancer. Results The SDF-1 protein in blood plasma was detected in both breast benign tumor patients and breast cancer ones. The level of SDF-1 protein in patients with breast cancer was higher than that in ones with breast benign tumor, and there was a statistical difference between them （P=0.000）. In patients with breast cancer, the level of SDF-1 protein in axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis positive patients was significantly higher than that in ALN metastasis negative ones （P=0.036）. Conclusion The level of SDF-1 protein in blood plasma may be a specific tumor marker. Its level is correlated with lymph node involvement in breast cancer.
Objective To investigate the expression of cerb B2 and CathepsinD in gastric carcinoma and its correlation with the biological behavior of gastric carcinoma (GC). MethodsThe expression was studied by immunohistochemical technique. The expression of cerb B2 and CathepsinD were analyzed with their relation to histologic types, depth of invasion, growth pattern, lymph node metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma. ResultsThirtynine of the 102 gastric carcinoma specimens (38.24%) were positive for cerb B2 and correlated with depth of invasion (P＜0.05) and lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05); eightythree of the 102 gastric carcinoma specimens (81.37%) were positive for CathepsinD and correlated with depth of invasion (P＜0.05), growth pattern (P＜0.05), lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05) and blood vessels cancer embolus (P＜0.05). Prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma with positive expression of cerb B2 or CathepsinD was poor. The 5year survival rate was significantly lower in gastric carcinoma patients with positive expression of cerb B2 or CathepsinD. Conclusion cerb B2 and CathepsinD are highly related to growth, invasion, metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.
Lymph node metastasis is the main and frequent metastatic way of lung cancer, it is also the reason of postoperative carcinoma residue which results in relapse and metastasis. It is vital to clean mediastinal lymph nodes and hilar lymph nodes in lung cancer operation. However, the patterns of lymphadenectomy are not yet uniform. There are complete mediastinal lymph node dissection(CMLND), radical lymph node dissection(RLND), lymph node sampling(LS), systematic lymph node sampling(SS) and sentinel lymph node navigation(SLN). And with the development of minimal invasive surgery, the thoracoscopic lymphadenectomy gets mature day by day. It is very necessary to find a more standardized and perfect patten of lymphadenectomy. This paper reviews the clinical significance, the pattens and the extent of mediastinal lymph node dissection and hilar lymph node dissection, and also reviews the current status and prospect of thoracoscopic lymphadenectomy
Objective To evaluate the potential of specific mRNA marker keratin 19(K19) to detect micrometastasis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) .Methods One hundred and ninty four regional lymph nodes harvested from 6 cases of benign diseases, 4 cases of breast carcinoma, 5 cases of gastric carcinoma and 12 cases of colorectal carcinoma patients were examined by conventional pathology and amplifying tissue specific K19 mRNA by RT-PCR separately, then the two methods were compared with each other. Results None of the 34 lymph nodes which were pathological metastasis-negative from benign diseases expressed K19 mRNA by RT-PCR, all of the 28 regional lymph nodes which were pathological metastasis-positive from malignant cases showed trains of K19 mRNA by RT-PCR. Of the 132 lymph nodes which were pathological metastasis-negative from malignant cases, 11 lymph nodes were detected with micrometastasis by genetic diagnosis.Conclusion Genetic diagnosis of lymph node micrometastasis is more sensitive than conventional pathology and has diagnostic value and merits further study.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions of contactin-1 (CNTN-1), vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), and its receptor VEGFR-3 (Flt-4) in primary gastric cancer and to explore the relevance among them and their correlation with clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer. MethodsThe VEGF-C, VEGFR-3, and CNTN-1 protein expressions of tumor tissues and normal gastric mucosa tissues in 68 patients with primary gastric cancer were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The Flt-4-positive vessel density (FVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) were also analyzed by VEGFR-3positive and D2-40-positive staining, respectively. ResultsThe positivity rate of VEGF-C, VEGFR-3, and CNTN-1 protein expression in the primary tumor was 57.4% (39/68), 60.3% (41/68), and 55.9% (38/68), respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the normal gastric mucosa tissues 〔20.6% (14/68), 23.5% (16/68), and 16.2% (11/68)〕， P=0.000. The expressions of VEGF-C, VEGFR-3, and CNTN-1 protein were significantly correlated with TNM stage, lymphatic vessel invasion, and lymph node metastasis (Plt;0.05). The expression of CNTN-1 protein was significantly correlated with VEGF-C (r=0.372, P=0.002) and VEGFR-3 protein expression (r=0.308, P=0.011). In tumor tissues of sixtyeight patients the FVD was (10.41±9.38)/HP, which was significantly lower than LVD 〔(18.19±7.44)/HP〕, P=0.000. Elevated FVD and LVD was significantly found in patients with tumor characterized by later TNM stage, severer lymphatic vessel invasion, and severer lymph node metastasis (Plt;0.05). The FVD of tumor was significantly correlated with VEGF-C (P=0.029) and CNTN-1 protein expression (P=0.003). The LVD of tumor was not significantly correlated with CNTN-1 (P=0.727), VEGF-C (P=0.173), and VEGFR-3 protein expression (P=0.924). The patients with positive expression of VEGF-C, VEGFR-3, and CNTN-1 protein showed poorer prognosis (Plt;0.05). ConclusionsElevated expression of CNTN-1 protein is observed in primary gastric cancer and correlated with VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 protein expression, indicating that combined detection has great value in prediction of invasive potential and prognosis. VEGF-C-mediated CNTN-1 overexpression may promote lymphatic invasion via lymphangiogenesis pathway in patients with gastric cancer.
Objective
To investigate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) gene modified lymph nodes on promoting proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells in the surrounding tissues.
Methods
Thirty-six Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 200.1-271.5 g, were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=18). After the in situ axillary lymph nodes transplantation models were established in both groups, 1.5 × 108 PFU Ad-VEGF-C-Flag and Ad-Flag were injected into the transplanted lymph nodes in experimental group and control group, respectively. At 3 days after injection, the axillary lymph nodes were harvested to observe the expression of Flag; at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after injection, the axillary lymph nodes and the surrounding tissues were harvested to observe the expression of Prxo-1 protein and to calculate the fluorescence density; at 2 and 4 weeks after injection, the absorbance (A) value of treated blood at 620 nm was calculated to observe lymphatic back-flow function improvement; the rats without treatment served as normal control group, and the rats with in situ axillary lymph nodes transplantation model served as blank control group.
Results
At 3 days after injection, the expression of Flag could be detected in experimental group and control group. The fluorescence density of Prox-1 protein in experimental group increased at 1, 2, and 4 weeks, and it was significantly higher than that in control group (P lt; 0.05). The A values of normal control group and blank control group were 0.539 ± 0.020 and 0.151 ± 0.007, respectively. The A values of experimental group and control group were 0.170 ± 0.011 and 0.168 ± 0.010 at 2 weeks, and 0.212 ± 0.016 and 0.197 ± 0.006 at 4 weeks, which were significantly lower than those of normal control group (P lt; 0.05), but no significant difference was found when compared with blank control group, and between the experimental group and control group (P gt; 0.05).
Conclusion
The VEGF-C gene modified lymph nodes can stimulate the proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells in the surrounding tissues. However, it has no improved effect on lymphatic back-flow function in the affected limb.
Objective To investigate the expression of claudin-1 in breast tumor tissues and the relationship of development and progress of breast neoplasm．Methods The expressions of claudin-1 in 89 cases of breast cancer and 37 benign breast diseases were tested by tissue chip technology and immunohistochemistry．The relationships of claudin-1 expression to the lymph node metastasis，TNM staging，maximum diameter of the tumor，and histology grade were statistically analyzed．Results The expression of claudin-1 in the breast cancer was significantly lower than that in the benign breast disease（χ2=19.20，P=0.000 2）．The claudin-1 expression in the patients with lymph node metastasis was significantly lower than that without lymph node metastasis （χ2=3.85，P=0.049 7）．The claudin-1 expression in the stageⅢ of TNM staging was weaker than that in the stage Ⅰ（χ2=5.29，P=0.021 4） and stage Ⅱ （χ2=7.46，P=0.006 3），respectively. There was no significant difference of the claudin-1 expression in the different maximum diameters of tumor （χ2=1.58，P=0.453 8） or histology grades （χ2=1.02，P=0.600 5），respectively．Conclusions The expression of claudin-1 might be correlated with the occurrence，development，and metastasis in breast tumor．It may be one of the potential indicator for lymph node metastasis and prognosis assessment in breast cancer．
Objective To investigate the correlation among lymph node metastasis and clinical features, postoperative survival rate in rectal cancer. Methods Seventy-nine patients who had accepted total mesorectal excision (TME) were collected, and the correlation among their clinical features (including gender, age, tumor size, gross type, depth of infiltration, histology type, differentiated degree and the level of blood serum CEA), lymph node metastasis, and postoperative survival rate were analyzed. Results There was significant correlation between six factors (namely the tumor size, gross type, depth of infiltration, histology type, differentiated degree and the level of blood serum CEA) and lymph node metastasis in single factor analysis. However， multivariate analysis showed that only gross type of tumor and depth of tumor infiltration were related to lymph node metastasis. The postoperative survival time of 43 non-metastasis cases was remarkably longer than that of 33 cases with lymph node metastasis (χ2=18.806， P=0.000), and it was longer in 22 cases with ＜4 lymph nodes metastasis than that of 11 cases with ≥4 lymph nodes metastasis (χ2=4.659， P=0.031). Conclusion In rectal cancer patients the clinical features can reflect the condition of lymph node metastasis in a certain extent, and it can help doctors to evaluate the lymph node metastasis and prognosis.
ObjectiveTo summarize the current advancement of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) and improve the knowledge and cognition about AEG and find a feasible treatment strategy.Method
Relevant literatures about current advancement of AEG published domestically and abroad recently were collected and reviewed. Results
AEG had obvious differences from other parts of stomach tumors in anatomy, physiology, and pathology. The study of AEG in definition, biology origin, classification, lymph node metastasis and other aspects had basically reached a consensus. But for the surgical approach, the extent of resection, lymph node dissection or the way of the digestive tract reconstruction was controversial for a long time.
Conclusions
AEG as a kind of independent disease is increasing hazard to human health．By far, the most effective treatment is surgical resection, and how to choose the surgical method needs to be further researched.
Objective To investigate the value of lymphatic tracer on surgery for colorectal cancer. Methods Literatures about lymphatic tracer and lymphatic mapping in colorectal cancer were reviewed. Results Lymphatic mapping technique was helpful to increase the numbers of lymph node harvested, to identify sentinel lymph node, thereby increased the accuracy of pathological staging. Besides, lymphatic tracer had great potential uses in lymph nodes targeted chemotherapy during surgery, which might improve prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Conclusions The lymphatic tracer has been powerful in diagnosis and treatment for colorectal cancer. The more extensive and more profound application of lymphatic mapping depend on more clinical study.
