Objective
To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).
Methods
PTC tissues and its para-cancerous tissues of 50 patients with PTC who treated in The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities from Mar. 2014 to Mar. 2017 were retrospectively collectied, to detect the expressions of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein by immunohistochenmical method.
Results
① Expressions of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in PTC tissues and para-cancerous tissues: the positive-expression rate of Notch-2 protein in PTC tissues was 82.00% (41/50), which was higher than that of para-cancerous tissues〔18.00% (9/50)〕, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=40.960, P<0.001). The positive-expression rate of Numb protein in PTC tissues was 66.00% (33/50), which was higher than that of para-cancerous tissues 〔0 (0/50) 〕, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=49.254, P<0.001). ② The relationship between expression of Notch-2 protein and expression of Numb protein in PTC tissues: there was a positive correlation between expressions of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in PTC tissues (rs=0.323, P=0.022). ③ The relationship between expressions of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in PTC tissues and clinicopathological features of the PTC patients: the expression of Notch-2 protein in PTC tissues was not significantly correlated with gender, age, tumor diameter, capsule infiltration, cervical lymph node metastasis, and TNM staging (P>0.05). The expression of Numb protein in PTC tissues was not significantly correlated with gender, age, tumor diameter, and capsule infiltration (P>0.05), but was significantly correlated with cervical lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (P<0.05), the positive rates of Numb protein in patients of staging Ⅲ+Ⅳ group and cervical lymph node metastasis group were lower than those of patients in staging Ⅰ+Ⅱ group and non-cervical lymph node metastasis group.
Conclusion
The positive-expression rate of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in PTC tissues are higher than those of para-cancerous tissues, and there is a positive correlation between them in PTC tissues, suggesting that there may be a synergistic effect in the course of PTC progression.
Objective This study aimed to investigate the status of sleep disorders and comorbidity profiles in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy, to inform early intervention strategies. Methods This single-center retrospective study enrolled 24 newly diagnosed epilepsy patients and 28 healthy controls from the Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, between April and October 2025. Sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, mood, and cognitive function were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Mini-Mental State Examination, respectively. Intergroup comparisons were conducted for all measures. Results The incidence of sleep disturbance (PSQI>5) was 79.2% in the epilepsy group, significantly higher than the 46.4% observed in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The epilepsy group demonstrated significantly higher PSQI component scores than the control group in domains of sleep continuity, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction (all P<0.05), reflecting issues with nocturnal sleep fragmentation and daytime impairment. We observed no statistically significant differences between the groups in anxiety, depression, daytime sleepiness, or cognitive function (all P>0.05). Conclusion Newly diagnosed and drug-naive epilepsy patients exhibit significant sleep disturbances, characterized by poor sleep continuity, disrupted sleep architecture, and daytime dysfunction, which appear independent of mood comorbidities.
This article reviewed the literature published in Epilepsia in 2025. A total of 449 articles were published in 2025, representing a 29.0% increase compared to 2024 (348 articles). All the publications included 3 editorials, 38 critical reviews (systematic reviews and meta-analyses), 12 commentaries, 319 original research articles, 39 brief reports, 28 others (announcements, correspondence, and errata), and 10 special reports. The increase in publications in 2025 compared to 2024 was primarily driven by clinical studies (314 vs. 221, a 42.1% growth). Independently published articles by Chinese authors also saw a substantial rise, totaling 29 papers, which marked a 190% increase over 2024. This annual report focused on epilepsy and artificial intelligence, annual special reports and researches by chinese authors, highlighting innovations and developments in both clinical and basic epilepsy research domestically and internationally. It aimed to provide valuable insights for specialists to refine diagnostic and therapeutic techniques and broaden their academic horizons.
