Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a complex, organ-specific autoimmune disorder closely related to thyroid diseases and one of the common orbital diseases in adults. The disease follows a characteristic “biphasic” course (active and inactive phases), with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild eyelid retraction and lag to vision-threatening optic neuropathy and severe exposure keratopathy, imposing a significant physical and psychological burden on patients' quality of life as well as their physical and mental health. In current neuro-ophthalmology practice, the lack of a standardized and uniform assessment protocol leads to considerable variability in TED management strategies across different regions and clinicians. Furthermore, the complex nature of TED necessitates management beyond the scope of a single specialty, highlighting an urgent need for multidisciplinary collaboration. This consensus aims to establish and promote a standardized TED assessment system led by neuro-ophthalmologists. It emphasizes standardization, precision, and clinical operability, while advocating for a routine, institutionalized, and patient-centered multidisciplinary model to optimize clinical decisions and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
