Objective To analyze the characteristics of myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) and the outcome of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods A prospective study was carried out, which included 34 eyes of 31 patients with mCNV in West China Hospital of Sichuan University between May and December 2017. OCTA scans were conducted to all patients before treatment, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3–6 months after treatment. The analysis was performed to evaluate the morphological characteristics, lesion area, parafoveal superficial vessel density and perfusion area of choroidal neovascularization before and after treatment. Results Among mCNV patients, small round crumby lesions, small branches, and capillaries responded well to anti-VEGF treatment. Compared with the mean lesion area in mCNV patients before treatment [(0.082±0.013) mm2], there was instant reduction 1 day after treatment [(0.064±0.013) mm2] and obviously decreased after 1 week [(0.046±0.011) mm2]. The parafoveal superficial vessel density and perfusion area before treatment were (15.2±0.5)% and (32.6±1.5)%, respectively, and obvious decrease was observed both in parafoveal superficial vessel density [(12.1±0.9)%] and perfusion area [(27.4±2.0)%] 1 day after treatment in mCNV patients, which began to recover 1 month after treatment. Conclusions OCTA is a non-invasive diagnostic examination, which can clearly identify tiny structures of mCNV, quantify the lesion area and display specific vasculature in mCNV patients. Furthermore, retinal microcirculation can be detected by using OCTA, which provides an effective approach of monitoring the progression and treatment effect of mCNV.
