This article provides an overview of the application progress of virtual simulation technologies, including virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, multimodal image fusion, and 3D printing, in neurosurgical skill training, anatomical teaching, and preoperative planning. It analyzes their roles in enhancing teaching repeatability, standardization, and individualization levels. Additionally, this article summarizes the current issues related to technical authenticity, equipment costs, data standardization, and teaching evaluation. Furthermore, it explores the prospects of integrating virtual simulation technology with clinical practice and optimizing teaching models, aiming to provide references for relevant teaching reforms.
