Thirty patients with obstructive jaundice were investigated for serum complement-3 (C3) and plasma fibronectin (FN).The levels of C3 and FN of the juandiced patients were higher than that of thirty patients without obstructive jaundice (Ｐ＜0.01). As compared to pre-operation, the level of C3 of the jaundiced patients decreased obviously within two weeks after operation(Ｐ＜0.01), and recovered in the third week after operation. The level of FN of the juandice patients decreased evidently within one week(Ｐ＜0.01), and recovered in the second week after operation. However, the levels of C3 and FN of the patients without obstructive jaundice changed slightly after operation (Ｐ＜0.05). The high levels of C3 and FN of jaundiced patients may be relative to the latent infection. Consumption and immune imparing may be the reasons of C3 and FN to decrease.
Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on intestinal bacteria and endotoxin translocation in experimental obstructive jaundice. MethodsObstructive jaundice rat models were made and divided into three groups: sham operation (SO) group, obstructive jaundice (OJ) group and obstructive with rhGH (OG) group. The number in each group was 20. The mice in rhGH group underwent subcutaneous injection each day of Saizen, with the dose of 0.75 u/kg, while SO group and OJ group received nitric sodium injection. All these maitained for 2 weeks, then the animals were killed and the endotoxin were determined by limulus test, and bacterial cultures of ascites, blood, mesenchymal lymph node, kidney, spleen and liver were made, and the height of villi and the thickness of intestinal walls were examined.ResultsThe value of endotoxin in OJ group was (0.77±0.03) u/ml, higher than that in OG group and SO group, while it was (0.40±0.02) u/ml and (0.33±0.03) u/ml (Plt;0.01). The bacteria translocation rate in OJ group was 58.8%, much higher than that in OG group, which was 10.0% (Plt;0.01). There was no difference between OG group and SO group (Pgt;0.05). Villi height in OJ group was (183.39±11.09) μm, and thickness was (255.62±16.58) μm. While in OG group was (237.52±13.65) μm, and (320.81±14.34) μm (Plt;0.01) respectively.Conclusion rhGH has significant effect on protecting the injuried mucosa barrier in obstructive jaundice, and can decrease endotoxemia and bacteria translocation.
ObjectiveTo study the change and significance of the serum nitric oxide (NO) level in patient with obstructive jaundice complicated with renal dysfunction. MethodsThe level of NO, BUN, Cr in serum and the activity of NOS in 25 patients with obstructive jaundice and renal dysfunction and 26 healthy adults was studied.ResultsThe patients’ serum NO level and the activity of NOS were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.01)，whereas the serum BUN and Cr levels were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.01). The linear correlation analysis showed that the serum NO had a negative correlation between serum BUN and Cr level (P＜0.01). ConclusionThe patients with obstructive jaundice and renal dysfunction may lead to the decrease of serum NO level. NO may have some protective effects to the renal function during obstructive jaundice.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the expressions of TNF-α and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mRNA in myocardium of rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ). Methods The expressions of TNF-α and SOD mRNA were semi-quantitatively analyzed after amplification of cDNA in myocardium of the rats with OJ by RTPCR. Results The expression of TNF-α mRNA increased and that of SOD mRNA decreased in the myocardium of rats with OJ. The level of plasm TNF-α increased and SOD synthesis in myocardium decreased. Conclusion The injury of myocardium in OJ is correlated with increasing expression of TNF-α mRNA and decreasing expression of SOD mRNA.
The morphologic changes of the liver,heart and kidney in relation to the serum choleic acids in obstructive jaundce of rats were investigated.One of the results showed that one to two weeks after the common bile duct was ligated and servered,the damages to the damages to the mitochondria were found in the organs,while the serum choleic acids markedly increased.The other result was that when the rats were fed with sodium cholate in the dosage that their peak blood concentrations were close to the average results concentration in obstrcutive jaundice,their mitochondrial damage were in the similar degree.These results suggest that choleic acids stasisi is one of the factors of multiple organ damage in obstructive jaundice.
Objective To investigate the correlation between the plasma endothelin (ET) and gastric mucosal pathology.MethodsIn this experiment,seven dogs who experienced common bileduct ligation were in experiment group, the other three dogs who underwent shamoperation were control group. By using specific radio immunological method, the plasma ET levels were determined in dogs before and after 1,4,7 d. The total bilirubin levels were determined before and after 1,4,7 d after operation by using carbazotic acid method.The gastric mucosa,7 d after operation, was cut into slices and was examined under the electron microscope and the light microscope.Results In the experiment group,the levels of ET and total bilirubin rose continually and were higher than those in control group. Vascular congestion and oedema were seen in gastric mucosa of common bileduct ligated dogs. Under the electron microscope, we could see the dilated blood capillary and sludging of blood,the intenstitial mucusa cells oedema. Conclusion The increase of plasma ET might lead to impairment of mucosal microcirculation,which might be one of the pathogens that could induce the gastric mucosal damages in common bileduct ligated dogs.
To investigate the cause of septicemia in patients with obstructive jaundice,the correlationship between intra-biliary tract pressure(IBTP),portal veinous flow rate(PVFR)and interleukin-2(IL-2),soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R),T lymphocyte subpopulation in patient with obstructive jaundice(Group A)has been studied.Group A was subdivided into A1,emergency operation group;A2,elective surgery group;A3,patient’s age over 60 years and A4,age under 60.Ninety patients with simple gallstone(Group B)were also tested as a contrast.The result showed that of all Group A,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ before operation were much lower than those 10 days after operation(Plt;0.05 or Plt;0.01),while the postoperative sIL-2R was significantly higher than that of 10 days after operation(Plt;0.01),in Group A1,emergency surgery,the preoperative sIL-2R was much more higher than that in others of the jaundice group(Plt;0.01).Corralation analysis showed IBTP was negatively corralated to IL-2,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,but it had positive correlation with sIL-2R(Plt;0.01).PVFR was positively correlated to IL-2(Plt;0.01).These indicate that obstructive jaundice with infection is closely related to the decreased host immunity.
Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of bile on small intestine mucosal barrier.Methods Fifty Wistar rats were assinged into 3 groups randomly: obstructive jaundice (OJ) group （n=20）, biliary external drainage group （n=20） and control group （n=10）. Ten days after operation, the plasma endotoxin level was determinated, the terminal ileum mucosas was obtained to be morphologically measured by light microscope, and immunohistochemistry and Western blot were uesd to examine the expressions of tight junction proteins zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in the mucosas. Results Atrophy significantly appeared in the distal ileum mucosas in OJ group. Compared with control group, the intestinal villus height, mucosa thickness and crypt depth in OJ group were obviously decreased 27.8%, 21.7%, and 25.4% (P=0.001, 0.001, 0.040). There were no differences between external drainage group and control group (P=0.050, 0.070, 0.080); While the values of external drainage group were significantly higher than those in OJ group (all P=0.001). The level of plasma endotoxin was up to (1.49±0.27) EU/ml in OJ group compared with control group 〔（0.27±0.09） EU/ml〕, P=0.001. In external drainage group, the value was （0.91±0.25） EU/ml, which was obviously higher than that in control group and lower than that in OJ group （all P=0.001）. Immunohistochemical study showed b positive expression of ZO-1 dropped from 7/10 in the control group to 6/20 in OJ group （P=0.040）, occludin expression was 8/10 in control group and 7/20 in OJ Group （P=0.020）; expressions of them in external drainage group 〔8/20 （P=0.100,0.210） and 9/20 （P=0.060, 0.200）〕 displayed no significant differences compared with the other twogroups. Quantitative testing of Western blot showed the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin in OJ group were significantly lower than those in control group (P=0.001, 0.010), the values in external drainage group were higher than those in OJ group （P=0.005, 0.014）. The expression of ZO-1 was lower in external drainage group than that in control group (P=0.001), and there was no significant difference of occludin between the two groups (P=0.062）. Conclusion Lack of intestinal bile will undermine the intestinal tight junction protein composition, and make intestinal mucosal barrier impaired. The intestinal barrier more severely injured when biliary tract obstructs because of multiple factors. Bile plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal mucosal barrier.
ObjectiveTo explore the value of Aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) on the detection of early renal function damage by investigating the expressions of renal AQP-3 mRNA and protein of rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ). MethodsForty mature male Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly: experimental group (n=20) in which the model of OJ rats was established, and control group (n=20, sham operation group). The levels of serum total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), creatinine (Cr)， and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected by fullautomatic biochemical analyzer on 7 d and 14 d after operation. The expressions of renal AQP-3 mRNA and protein of rats were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. ResultsThe levels of serum TBIL and DBIL were significantly higher on 14 d than those on 7 d after operation in experimental group (P=0.000), which were significantly higher than those at corresponding time point in control group (P=0.000), while the difference within control group was not significant (P=0.154). Thus, the OJ models of rats were established successfully. The difference of serum Cr levels of rats between inter-and intragroup were not significant (Pgt;0.05). Serum BUN level on 14 d after operation in experimental group was significantly higher than those on 7 d after operation in experimental group and on 14 d after operation in control group (P=0.001), although serum Cr levels were not different between 7 d and 14 d after operation in control group (P=0.288). The expressions of AQP-3 protein of rats on 7 d and 14 d after operation in experimental group were significantly lower than those at corresponding time point in control group (P=0.033, P=0.000), meanwhile on 14 d after operation in experimental group was significantly lower than those on 7 d after operation in experimental group (P=0.000). The expressions of AQP-3 mRNA of rats on 7 d and 14 d after operation in experimental group were significantly higher than those at corresponding time point in control group (P=0.000), but the difference at different time point in two groups was not significant (P=0.139, P=0.059). ConclusionsThe changes of renal AQP-3 protein and mRNA expressions are prior to the changes of serum Cr and BUN levels of rats suffered from OJ complicated renal function damage, which are promised to improve the early diagnosis rate of renal function damage in rats with OJ.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of melatonin on renal injury induced by bile duct ligation in rats. MethodsSixtyfour rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=16 rats per group): the control group (CN), sham operative group (SO), bile duct ligation group (BDL) and bile duct ligation melatonin treatment group (BDL+Mel). Obstructive jaundice was induced by common bile duct ligation. Plasma level of nitric oxide (NO), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were measured 4 d and 8 d after operation. NO and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in renal tissue were detected at the same time point, too. Histopathological changes of kidneys were examined by HE staining. ResultsIn BDL group, the plasma levels of NO, TB, DB, ALT, AST, BUN and Cr were higher than those of SO group (P＜0.01）, and the level of NO and activities of iNOS in renal tissue were significantly increased (P＜0.01）. However, in BDL+Mel group, the plasma levels of NO, ALT, AST, BUN and Cr were lower than those of the BDL group (P＜0.01）, and the level of NO and activities of iNOS in renal tissue were significantly suppressed (P＜0.01）; histopathological changes of kidneys were improved.ConclusionAugmentation of iNOS activities and increasing of NO production in local tissue contributed to renal injury induced by bile duct ligation, and the mode of melatonin’s protective actions, at least in part, relates to interference with no pathways.
