ObjectiveTo comprehensively analyze and compare the biological difference between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and placenta-derived MSCs (PMSCs) in hypoxia and to extend the knowledge for seed cells selection.
MethodsThe domestic and foreign related literature about the effects of hypoxia microenvironment on proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, paracrine secretion, migration, and homing ability of BMSCs and PMSCs were summarized and analysed.
ResultsPMSCs proliferated much faster and more sensitive to the hypoxia than BMSCs; in addition, PMSCs showed stronger survivability. Similar to BMSCs, PMSCs can home to hypoxic-ischemic tissues efficiently, secrete a lot of growth factors and differentiate into tissue-specific cells to stimulate tissue regeneration.
ConclusionPMSCs as the seed cells will have broad application prospects in the regenerative medicine.
ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the changes in placental protein expressions in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their correlations with maternal insulin resistance (IR). Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP database, Wanfang Database and CBMdisc were searched for case-control studies published from January 2009 to November 2021, which reported the placental protein expressions in GDM and their correlations with IR. Two researchers independently reviewed the literature, extracted data and evaluated the literature quality. RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis, and descriptive analysis was performed on data that cannot be combined. ResultsA total of 19 studies were included, comprising 2 012 patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that: the expression level of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) [standard mean difference=2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.64, 2.58), P<0.000 01] and the positive rate of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) [relative risk (RR)=1.56, 95%CI (1.29, 1.88), P<0.000 01] were up-regulated, and the positive rate of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) [RR=0.69, 95%CI (0.60, 0.78), P<0.000 01] was down-regulated. The protein expression levels of RBP4 (P<0.000 01) and PTP1B (P<0.000 01) were positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), while the protein expression levels of IRS-1 (P<0.000 01) and APN (P=0.002) were negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) was not correlated with HOMA-IR (P=0.79). Descriptive analysis found that the expression levels or positive rates of adipocytokines (leptin, resistin), oxidative stress markers (xanthione oxidase, malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostaglandin),inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor α, Toll-like receptor 4, Galectin-3, Galectin-2, migration inhibitory factor),fetuin-A, forkhead box transcription factor 1, forkhead box transcription factor 3a and estrogen receptor α in GDM placenta were up-regulated and all were positively correlated with HOMA-IR. The expression levels or positive rates of insulin signaling pathway proteins [phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinases B (AKT), phospho-protein kinases B (p-AKT), GLUT 4] were down-regulated, PI3K and AKT were negatively correlatedwith HOMA-IR, while p-Akt had no correlation with HOMA-IR. ConclusionsThe dysregulation of placental protein expressions may mediate maternal IR exacerbation, thus promote the occurrence and development of GDM and other pregnancy complications. The causal relationship and regulatory mechanism are still unclear, which need to be further studied.
Abstract To look for a substitute material of microvessel, 30 rabbits were divided into 2 groups. A segment of 5mm of rabbit femoral artery was resected and a segment of 10mm of human placental artery was placed in the defect with both ends anastomosed. Twenty experimental rabbits received freezedried human placental vessel and 10 rabbits received fresh as control. After 24 hours, 2 weeks, 3 months, the arteries were explored. If the artery was found to be obstructed, the segment was removed for histologic examination. The results showed: in the experimental group, 2 weeks after operation, the rateof patency was 85%, and it decreased to 50% 3 months after the operation. Under the light and scanning electronic microscope, the transplanted vessels were decomposed and inside the unobstructed transplanted vessels in both groups a layer of fibrous tissue was formed as the new wall of vessel. It was concluded thatthe immunologic reaction could not be prevented but would only be put off for aperiod of time by cryochem. Further more study should be done in using placental atery as a substitute material in repairing vascular defect.
Objective To investigate the relationship between the expressions of P-gp, GST-π and C-erbB-2 and clinicopathologic characteristics as well as prognosis in breast cancer. Methods The expressions of P-gp， GST-π and C-erbB-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 48 cases of breast cancer, and histopathologic characteristics as well as 5-year survival rate of these cases were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in the expressions of P-gp and GST-π with age, histologic grade, number of lymph node metastasis and TNM stage of breast cancer ( P ＞ 0.05). There was significant difference in expression of C-erbB-2 with histologic grade, number of lymph node metastasis and TNM stage of breast cancer （ P ＜ 0.05）. Positive rate of P-gp expression in breast cancer with positive C-erbB-2 expression was remarkably higher than that in breast cancer with negative C-erbB-2 expression ( P ＜ 0.05) . Positive rate of GST-π and C-erbB-2 expression in survivals within 5 years was remarkably lower than that in deaths within 5 years ( P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion P-gp participates primary drug-resistance mechanism of breast cancer. The possibility of primary drug-resistance is higher in breast cancer with positive C-erbB-2 expression. The expression of C-erbB-2 helps to evaluate prognosis and the result of treatment in breast cancer.
Objective To explore a method to isolate, culture and multiplicate the placentaderived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) and the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of rabbit，and to compare their biological characteristics. Methods PMSCs were isolated from placenta of 1fetation rabbitby Percoll density gradient centrifuge and cultured in vitro. BMSCs were isolated from hindlimb bone marrow blood of 1 new born rabbit by direct plates culturemethod. The 3rd passage PMSCs and BMSCs were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope. The stem cell marker (CD44, CD105, CD34 and CD40L) were examined by immunohistochemistry. The 2nd passage PMSCs and BMSCs were co-cultured with biomaterials，(1.0-1.5)×106 cells in one biomaterial， and then observed by aematoxylinstaining after 5 days,and by SEM after 3 days and 8 days. Results PMSCs and BMSCs were both uniformly spondle-shaped in appearance and showed active proliferative capacity. The proliferative ability of PMSCs were quite b and declined with passages. After cultured 10 passages in vitro, its growthslowed. Both PMSCs and BMSCs expressed CD44 and CD105,but did not express CD34 and CD40L immunoreactivity. PMSCs and BMSCs poliferated and adhered to the surface of biomaterials, and cell formed clumps and network; the cells proliferation and the matrix were seen in the pore after 5 days of culture. The observation ofSEM showed that many cells adhered to the biomaterials with spindle-shape and polygon after 3 days; and that PMSCs and BMSCs grew,arranged in layers andsecreted many matrices; the reticular collagen formed arround cells after 8 days. Conclusion PMSCs and BMSCs have similar biological characteristics and PMSCs can be served as excellent seedingcells for tissue engineering.
Objective
To explore the value of lower abdominal aorta compression in emergent hysterectomy during cesarean section because of pernicious placenta previa.
Method
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of four patients who underwent hysterectomy for pernicious placenta previa with the assistance of lower abdominal aorta compression between January 2016 and March 2017 in Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children.
Result
The four patients were cured successfully, and the mothers and babies were all well with no pelvic organ damage or complications related to lower abdominal aorta compression.
Conclusions
Lower abdominal aorta compression in hysterectomy for pernicious placenta previa during cesarean section is a feasible procedure; it can effectively reduce the amount of bleeding, less affect maternal blood circulation, make surgery area clear, and give the operators the chance to do hysterectomy calmly. Lower abdominal aorta compression presents more and more advantages to treat pernicious placenta previa and may be an effective emergency measure to reduce hemorrhage during perioperative period especially under the circumstances of no chance to carry out vascular intervention treatment.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of human placental mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation on pulmonary vascular endothelial permeability and lung injury repair in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI).MethodsThe hPMSCs were isolated from the human placental tissue by enzyme digestion and passaged. The cell phenotype of the 3rd generation hPMSCs was detected by flow cytometry. Twenty-four 6-week-old healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8). The mice were instilled with LPS in the airway to prepare an ALI model in the ALI model group and the hPMSCs treatment group, and with saline in the control group. At 12 hours after LPS infusion, the mice were injected with 3rd generation hPMSCs via the tail vein in hPMSCs treatment group and with saline in the ALI model group and the control group. At 24 hours after injection, the lung tissues of all mice were taken. The pathological changes were observed by HE staining. The wet/dry mass ratio (W/D) of lung tissue was measured. The Evans blue leak test was used to detect the pulmonary vascular endothelial permea bility in mice. The expression of lung tissue permeability-related protein (VE-cadherin) was detected by Western blot.ResultsFlow cytometry examination showed that the isolated cells had typical MSCs phenotypic characteristics. Mice in each group survived. The alveolar structure of the ALI model group significantly collapsed, a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated, and local alveolar hemorrhage occurred; while the alveolar structure collapse of the hPMSCs treatment group significantly improved, inflammatory cells infiltration significantly reduced, and a few red blood cells were in the interstitial lung. W/D and exudation volume of Evans blue stain were significantly higher in the ALI model group than in the control group and the hPMSCs treatment group (P<0.05), in the hPMSCs treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The relative protein expression of VE-cadherin was significantly lower in the ALI model group than in the control group and the hPMSCs treatment group (P<0.05), and in the hPMSCs treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionIntravenous injection of hPMSCs can effectively reduce the increased pulmonary vascular endothelial permeability mediated by LPS, relieve the degree of lung tissue damage, and play a therapeutic role in ALI mice.
ObjectiveTo understand the role of placental growth factor (PlGF) in occurrence and development of tumor.
MethodThe literatures related to biological function and research progress of PlGF in tumor in recent years were reviewed.
ResultsPlGF was a secreted homology dimeric glycoprotein, with the regulation function on trophoblast cell, could induce inflammation reaction．It highly expressed in many tumor tissues, could promote the tumor growth and angiogenesis. The PlGF antibody treatment had a certain therapeutic effect, but it was still in clinical trials.
ConclusionsAlthough there are some disputes about conclusions on the role of PlGF in tumor, but it is obvious for the advantage in tumor treatment. With the research progress on PlGF, PlGF might be a breakthrough for tumor treatment．
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between placental growth factor (PlGF) and the gastric cancer.
MethodsThe cancer tissues (cancer tissue group) and para-cancer tissues (para-cancer tissue group) of 88 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery in Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital from Mar. 2013 to Dec. 2014 were collected retrospectively, to determine the expressions of PlGF mRNA and its protein by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry method. In addition, blood samples of 30 normal persons (normal person group) who got examina-tion in Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital in Sep. 2014 and 88 patients with gastric cancer (gastric cancer group) were collected to detect the concentration of serum PlGF, by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Comparison of the expressions of PlGF mRNA and its protein between cancer tissue group and para-cancer tissue group, concentration of PlGF between cancer tissue group and normal person group were performed, as well as the relationship between expressions of serum PlGF mRNA/PlGF in gastric cancer tissues and clinicopathological features of patients with gastric cancer, and relationship between concentration of PlGF in blood and clinicopathological features of patients with gastric cancer was explored by univariate analysis.
ResultsThe expression level of PlGF mRNA (0.569±0.166 vs. 0.037±0.020, t=-29.948, P=0.000) and positive-expression rate of PlGF[80.7% (71/88) vs. 5.7% (5/88), χ2=100.867, P=0.000] were significantly higher in cancer tissue group than those of para-cancer tissue group. And the concentration of PlGF in blood of patients in gastric cancer group was higher than that of normal person group[(57.247±9.800) ng/L vs. (10.351±1.715) ng/L, t=43.000, P=0.000]. The expressions of PlGF mRNA and its protein were both correlated with diameter of tumor, pT staging, pN staging, differentiation, and Borrmann type (P<0.050). The expression levels of PlGF mRNA and its protein in that patients with diameter of tumor greater than 4 cm, pT3-4 staging, pN3 staging, low differentiation, and Borrmann Ⅲ-Ⅳ staging were higher. While there were no significant correlation between expressions of PlGF mRNA/protein and age, gender, pM staging, and gastrointestinal type (P>0.050). Concentration of serum PlGF of gastric cancer patient wasn't significantly correlated with age, gender, diameter of tumor, pT staging, pN staging, pM staging, differentiation, Borrmann type, and gastrointestinal type (P>0.050).
ConclusionThe abnormal expression of PlGF at gastric cancer tissues may play an important role in pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
ObjectiveTo explore the significance of ultrasound combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of pernicious placenta previa (PPP).MethodsA total of 101 patients with suspected PPP admitted to Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital from January 2016 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical results were used as the gold standard, and the diagnostic value of ultrasound, MRI, ultrasound combined with MRI was compared.ResultsSurgery results showed that among the 101 patients with suspected PPP, 79 patients had positive PPP diagnosis and 22 patients had negative PPP diagnosis. There was no significant difference in the diagnostic sensitivity, negative predictive value, or diagnostic coincidence rate of PPP among ultrasound, MRI, and ultrasound combined with MRI (P>0.05). The diagnostic specificity of the series combination of ultrasound and MRI (86.36%) was higher than that of ultrasound (59.10%), MRI (59.10%), and the parallel combination of ultrasound and MRI (31.32%), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The diagnostic coincidence rates of abnormal placental attachment of MRI (96.20%) and the parallel combination of ultrasound and MRI (96.20%) were higher than that of ultrasound (87.34%) and the series combination of ultrasound and MRI (87.34%) (P<0.05).ConclusionsUltrasound combined with MRI has a high diagnostic value for PPP. If necessary, ultrasound combined with MRI can be considered to improve the diagnostic efficiency.
