Objective To review the research progress of the treatment of osteosarcoma, and to thoroughly understand its current state of research and prospect so as to lay a sol id foundation for the cl inical treatment. Methods The cl inical and experimental research l iteratures about treatment of osteosarcoma were extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results The present treatment of osteosarcoma is still need to comprehensive therapy which combine chemotherapy and surgical treatment. There are some progresses in gene therapy and molecular targeting therapy which can improve survival rate. Furthermore, well-designed studies and cl inical trials are needed to evaluate the potential therapeutic impact before they are used in cl inical. Conclusion Advancement in chemotherapeutic regimens has improved survival and l imb-sparing surgery in the treatment of osteosarcoma, but the progress of gene therapy and molecular targeting therapy gives new hope for osteosarcoma patients.
Using gastric tube to replace the esophagus has been widely used in esophagectomy. This surgical method is gradually replacing the traditional stomach reconstruction. Its advantages in the incidence of postoperative complication, the quality of life and the long-time survival in clinic have proved to be true. Although using tubular stomach in esophagectomy has become the consensus of experts, some details still need some further discussing and this technique should be gradually improved in future. In this review, the superiority and the technical progress of gastric tube are introduced, and we predict the future of tubular stomach and discuss the existed problems.
Total hip arthroplasty is an end-stage treatment for hip diseases such as hip osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Traditional surgery models are still mostly used in China, and related day surgery models abroad have shown that day surgery for total hip arthroplasty is as safe and feasible as traditional pattern without increase in complications and readmission. It can also shorten the length of hospitalization for patients, reduce hospitalization costs, thereby speeding up bed turnover and increasing the utilization of medical resources. This article reviews the patient admission, perioperative management, anesthesia and surgical techniques, post-discharge rehabilitation and nursing care of patients undergoing day surgery for total hip arthroplasty, and aims to providea reference for the development of day surgery for total hip arthroplasty in China.
Considering the small differences between different types in the diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading task, a retinopathy grading algorithm based on cross-layer bilinear pooling is proposed. Firstly, the input image is cropped according to the Hough circle transform (HCT), and then the image contrast is improved by the preprocessing method; then the squeeze excitation group residual network (SEResNeXt) is used as the backbone of the model, and a cross-layer bilinear pooling module is introduced for classification. Finally, a random puzzle generator is introduced in the training process for progressive training, and the center loss (CL) and focal loss (FL) methods are used to further improve the effect of the final classification. The quadratic weighted Kappa (QWK) is 90.84% in the Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset (IDRiD), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the Messidor-2 dataset (Messidor-2) is 88.54%. Experiments show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has a certain application value in the field of diabetic retina grading.
ObjectiveTo summarize recent progress in surgical management of progressive hemifacial atrophy (PHA), to analyse the key features of various methods of treatment, and to define subjects worthy of further researches.
MethodsThe publications concerning the etiology and surgical management of PHA were reviewed, analyzed, and summarized.
ResultsSurgical management serves as the primary treatment, including flap transposition, tissue flap reconstruction, free tissue grafting, prosthetic implants, and other surgical treatments. Each method has its own advantages and limitations. At present, comprehensive treatment are considered to be the most commonly method for PHA.
ConclusionThe combined use of various surgical methods is the trend of surgical management of PHA; effective treatments specific to the etiology and minimally invasive surgical methods are still to be developed.
At present, interventional therapy for structural heart disease is in a period of vigorous development. Among them, transcatheter aortic valve replacement, as a representative of the interventional treatment of heart valve disease, has made rapid progress, which is a bright spot in the field of cardiovascular disease. The future development of transcatheter tricuspid valve repair/replacement is also promising. With the availability of important clinical evidence, the indications of transcatheter aortic valve replacement have been extended to the full risk range of severe aortic stenosis. More and more data showed that transcatheter mitral and tricuspid valve interventions could effectively alleviate patients’ symptoms and improve their prognosis. Transcatheter valve interventions have developed rapidly and have made tremendous progress in China. This article will review and interpret the important progress in the field of transcatheter valve interventions.
Objective To review the latest progress in classification system of thoracolumbar fractures and its surgical treatment with posterior approaches. Methods Recent l iterature about classification system of thoracolumbar fractures and its surgical treatment was reviewed. Results For the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture, the surgeon first should decide whether the surgical treatment was necessary. Recently, a new classification system had been developed to help the surgeon make the right decision. The surgical methods included short segment internal fixation and long segment internalfixation with or without fusion, and minimally invasive internal fixation. Conclusion The progress in the surgical treatmentof thoracolumbar fracture will help spinal surgeon decide the necessary surgery beneficial for the patients. The most appropriate and effective surgical method with the minimum damage should be used to treat the fracture. The advantages of non-fusion surgical treatment still need a further study.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM).
MethodsThe literatures about the research progress of the GIM were reviewed.
ResultsThe most important histological feature of GIM was the presence of goblet cells, which was associated with the risk factors of Helicobacter pylori, gastric ulcer, reflux of bile acid, old age, overweight, and so on. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori, individual drug intervention, and regular endoscopic surveillance were considered to be effective prevention and treatment measures. GIM was recognized as the precancerous lesion of gastric cancer, however, the pathogenesis of GIM in gastric carcinogenesis had not been recognized so far.
ConclusionsIt has a relationship between GIM and gastric cancer. The mechanism of GIM, the pathogenesis of GIM in gastric cancer, individual therapy measures, and the formulation of endoscopic surveillance strategy, however, still need further multicenter and large clinical study.
The TNM staging of lung cancer which is now widely used in clinic was formally proposed in 1997. It has played quite an important role in directing the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer as well as the clinical research in the past decade. However, at the same time, there are some insufficiencies which are emerging gradually. By collecting the clinical information from 100 869 patients, in 2007, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer(IASLC) made a deep analysis on the relativity between TNM staging and prognosis, and put forward the suggestions to revise the Seventh Edition of the TNM staging of lung cancer: (1) According to the size of tumor, the primary T staging is divide into T1a (the maximum tumor diameter≤2 cm), T1b (3 cm≥the maximum tumor diameter＞2 cm), T2a (5 cm≥the maximum tumor diameter＞3 cm) and T2b (7 cm≥the maximum tumor diameter＞5 cm); (2) T 2c (the maximum tumor diameter gt;7 cm) and additional nodules in the same lobe are classified as T3, while nodules in the ipsilateral nonprimary lobe are classified as T4;(3) Cancerous hydrothorax, pericardial effusion and the additional nodules in the contralateral lung are classified as M1a, while the extrapulmonary metastases are classified as M1b. It is believed that the new revised edition will has higher international authority and identification degree, and it will play a more meticulous and accurate guiding role in the treatment of lung cancer and its predicting prognosis in the future. At the same time, it will provide a new starting point to the research of lung cancer.
To review the literature about the development of the periodontal tissue engineering. Methods Based on an extensive review of the latest literature concerned, we analyzed and evaluated themethod of the periodontal tissue engineering. Results The development of the periodontal tissue engineering in the fields of the seed cells, modifier genes, cell factors, and scaffold materials provided a brand-new thinking and method for complete regeneration of the eriodontal tissues. Conclusion The periodontal tissue engineering has an excellent future butmany problems still require a further study and a satisfactory solution.
