To summarize Notch, basic hel ix-loop-hel ix (bHLH) and Wnt gene signal transduction pathways in the process of differentiation and development of neural stem cells. Methods The l iterature on the gene signal transduction pathway in the process of differentiation and development of neural stem cells was searched and then summarized and analyzed. Results The formation of Nervous System resulted from common actions of multi-signal transduction pathways. There may exist a fixed threshold in the compl icated selective system among Notch, bHLH and Wnt gene signal transduction pathways. Conclusion At present, the specific gene signal transduction pathway of multi pl ication and differentiation of neural stem cells is still unclear.
ObjectiveTo summarize the therapeutic targets of pancreatic cancer (PC).
MethodsThe related literatures about the therapeutic targets of PC were reviewed.
ResultsPC was one of the most challenging tumor in worldwide, and was characterized as a highly aggressive disease with poor overall prognosis and a high mortality rate. The hallmark of PC was its poor response to radio-and chemo-therapy. Current chemotherapeutic regimens could not provide substantial survival benefit with a clear increase in overall survival. Recently, several new approaches which could significantly improve the clinical outcome of PC had been described, involving signal-transduction pathways, immune response, stroma reaction, and epigenetic changes.
ConclusionsMany therapeutic targets are involved in the treatment of PC. As current therapies failed to significantly improve the progression and the survival of PC, new therapeutic approaches and clinical studies are strongly required.
As one of the standard electrophysiological signals in the human body, the photoplethysmography contains detailed information about the blood microcirculation and has been commonly used in various medical scenarios, where the accurate detection of the pulse waveform and quantification of its morphological characteristics are essential steps. In this paper, a modular pulse wave preprocessing and analysis system is developed based on the principles of design patterns. The system designs each part of the preprocessing and analysis process as independent functional modules to be compatible and reusable. In addition, the detection process of the pulse waveform is improved, and a new waveform detection algorithm composed of screening-checking-deciding is proposed. It is verified that the algorithm has a practical design for each module, high accuracy of waveform recognition and high anti-interference capability. The modular pulse wave preprocessing and analysis software system developed in this paper can meet the individual preprocessing requirements for various pulse wave application studies under different platforms. The proposed novel algorithm with high accuracy also provides a new idea for the pulse wave analysis process.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of overexpression of truncated type II TGF-beta receptor on transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-beta 1) autoproduction in normal dermal fibroblasts. METHODS: In vitro cultured dermal fibroblasts were treated with recombinant human TGF-beta 1(rhTGF-beta 1) (5 ng/ml) or recombinant adenovirus containing truncated type II TGF-beta receptor gene (50 pfu/cell). Their effects on regulating gene expression of TGF-beta 1 were observed with Northern blotting. RESULTS: rhTGF-beta 1 up-regulated the gene expression of TGF-beta 1 and type I procollagen. Overexpression of truncated receptor II down-regulated the gene expression of TGF-beta 1. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of the truncated TGF-beta receptor II decreases TGF-beta 1 autoproduction via blocking TGF-beta receptor signal. The results may provided a new strategy for scar gene therapy.
Objective To review the latest development of the research on the selfrenwal signaling pathway and culture system in vitro of the embryonic stem cells(ESCs). Methods The recent articlesabout the selfrenewal signaling pathway and culture system in vitro of the ESCs were extensively reviewed. Results Understanding of the molecular mechanism of the selfrenewalin vitro and pluripotency of the ESCs was considered important for developing improved methods of deriving, culturing and differentiating these cells into the cells that could be successfully used in the clinical practice. Conclusion A further research is needed to elucidate the selfrenewal signaling pathway and the pluripotency of the ESCs and the culture systemin vitro forthe human ESCs remains to be further improved and developed.
Objective To review the current researches about tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis ligand (TRAIL) and its receptors in gastric carcinoma. Methods Relevant articles of researches on TRAIL and its receptors in gastric carcinoma were searched in electronic databases of PUB-MEDLINE and Chinese Journal Fulltext Database. Results The reported TRAIL expression level of gastric carcinoma was diverse, which was highly correlated to the histological differentiation degree, serosa invasion and lymph node metastasis. Its receptors DR4 and DR5 were both positive in gastric carcinoma tissue, while some researches reported DcR1 and DcR2 were also positive expressed. caspase-3, -8 and survivin were the important factors for regulation of TRAIL signal pathway. 5-Aza-CdR, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, α-TOS and X-ray irradiation might enhance the TRAIL-induced apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells. Conclusion Gastric carcinoma may be potentially sensitive to TRAIL targeting therapy, but the mechanism of TRAIL-induced apoptosis is quite complex and is regulated by multi-factors. Up to now, there are still many issues to research further, such as how to efficiently enhance and regulate the TRAIL-induced apoptosis of gastric carcinoma, whether any potential toxicities existing, etc.
Objective To review the progress and application of peripheral nervous microelectrode. Methods The recent articles on peripheral nervous microelectrode were extensively reviewed. The classification, the progress of the peripheral nervous microelectrode and its utilizable prospect in the control of electronic prosthesis were summarized. Results The microelectrodes had favorable functions of selective stimulation and recording. It provided an information transmitting interface between the electric prosthesis and peripheral nerves. Conclusion Peripheral nervous signal is a feasible signal source to control electronic prosthesis.
ObjectiveTo detect FoxM1 expression in thyroid papillary carcinoma TPC-1 cells,and explore influence of FoxM1 expression on important genes (RAS gene and CDK1 gene) of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway.
MethodsThe hFoxM1-RNA interference was used to deal with the thyroid papillary carcinoma TPC-1 cells (experiment group),another untreated TPC-1 cell was as control group.Then the real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the FoxM1,Ras,and CDK1 gene expressions in all the TPC-1 cells.
ResultCompared with the control group,the FoxM1 gene expression was significantly decreased (0.452 9 versus 1.005 0,t=24.692 9,P<0.01),the Ras gene expression was significantly elevated (1.319 0 versus 1.001 2,t=14.218 5,P<0.01),and the CDK1 gene expression was significantly decreased (0.767 5 versus 1.008 1，t=10.763 4,P<0.01) in the experiment group.
ConclusionFoxM1 gene expression level in thyroid papillary carcinoma TPC-1 cells could influence Ras and CDK1 expression,which suggests that its role in thyroid papillary carcinoma might be associated with MAPK signal pathway.
ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6) gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to tuberculosis in western Chinese Han population.MethodsA total of 900 tuberculosis patients and 1 534 healthy controls of West China Hospital of Sichuan University were enrolled from January 2014 to February 2016. Improved multiplex ligation detection reaction method was used to detect four polymorphisms (rs1059513, rs73118432, rs841718, and rs10783813) of STAT6 gene. The allelic frequencies, genetic types, and different genetic models were analyzed using the chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression models to evaluate the associations of STAT6 gene with tuberculosis risk.ResultsEventually, a total of 856 cases and 1 511 health controls were recruited in our study. No significant differences were observed in allele frequencies, genotype distributions, or genetic models (additive model, dominant model and recessive model) at rs1059513, rs73118432, rs841718, and rs10783813 in STAT6 gene (P>0.05). We found a strong linkage disequilibrium among rs73118432, rs841718, and rs10783813, but there was no statistical difference in haplotype frequencies between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionsSTAT6 gene rs73118432, rs841718, rs10783813, and rs1059513 polymorphisms might have no associations with tuberculosis susceptibility in western Chinese Han population. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to comfirm these results.
Objective To investigate changes of TLR2 mRNA expression in lung of a mouse model of Chlamydia Pneumoniae pneumonitis, and to explore the possible mechanism of signal transduction. Methods Ninety-six male C3H/HeJ mice were randomly divided into four groups as follows: a control group, a model group, a SB203580 intervened group, and a pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate( PDTC) intervened group. Chlamydia Pneumoniae pneumonitis was induced by intranasally inoculated with 4. 0 ×106 IFU/mL of C. Pneumoniae per mouse in the model group and two intervened groups. Then the intervened groups were intraperitoneally injected with the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-κB)inhibitor PDTC, respectively. Six mice in each group were randomly killed in 1st, 4th, 7th and 14th day. The expressional changes of TLR2 mRNA in the mice lung tissue were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The concentrations of TNF-α in the lung homogenate were measured by ELISA. Results TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue significantly increased after C. Pneumoniae infection, peaking at 4th and 7th days, then decreased after 14th day. Tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) was also elevated in the lung tissue after C. Pneumoniae challenging. Both SB203580 and PDTC treatment effectively inhibited TNF-αand TLR2 mRNA expressions in lung. The inhibitory effect was more obvious by SB203580 treatment. Conclusion C. Pneumoniae can upregulate the expressions of TLR2 and TNF-α in lung, and TLR2/MAPK and TLR2 /NF-κB signal pathways may be involved in Chlamydia Pneumoniae pneumonitis.
