ObjectiveTo investigate the condition of neck lymph node metastasis and related factors in thyroiditis coexisting thyroid cancer, and make clear the indication of neck lymph node dissection. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted with the clinical data of 147 patients with thyroiditis coexisting thyroid cancer who underwent radical resection of thyroid cancer (total thyroidectomy or subtotal thyroidectomy) and neck lymph node dissection, including age, gender, tumor size, number of focuses, and lymph node metastasis. Results Among 147 patients, 65 patients with neck lymph node metastasis (44.22%), central cervical lymph node metastasis rate was 36.05% （53/147）， which was higher than that of lateral lymph node metastasis rate (20.41%, 30/147), Plt;0.05. Neck lymph node metastasis rate was correlated with patient’s gender and tumor size （Plt;0.05）, while it was not correlated with patient’s age and number of focuses (Pgt;0.05). ConclusionCentral neck lymph node metastasis rate is higher in patients with thyroiditis coexisting thyroid cancer, then routine prophylactic central neck lymph node dissection is significant. Patient’s gender and tumor size are correlated with neck lymph node metastasis. When tumor is larger or in male, ipsilateral lymph node dissection should be considered to done.
ObjectiveTo investigate the value of carbon nanoparticle adopted in reoperation for thyroid cancer recurrence.
MethodsFrom July to November of 2015, patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer recurrence in department of Thyroid & Parathyroid surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University were enrolled in the research. All enrollment patients underwent carbon nanoparticles location guided by ultrasonography before reoperation. Relative data about surgery and location were analyzed retrospectively.
ResultsTwenty-two patients were enrolled in the research. Mean operation time was (60.45±12.91) minutes. During surgery, a total of 405 (average 18.4) lymph nodes were harvested, and the staining rate was 71.9% (291/405). The pathological examination showed that there was a significant difference in the positive rate between carbon nanoparticles stained lymph nodes (45.0%, 131/291) and non-stained lymph nodes (5.3%, 6/114), P < 0.001. In addition, the positive rate in non-targeted stained lymph nodes was 30.2% (62/205). By contrast, it was 5.3% (6/114) in non-targeted non-stained lymph nodes. The difference showed significant significance (P < 0.001).
ConclusionsAdoption of carbon nanoparticles in reoperation for thyroid cancer, which improves efficiency of dissection for the non-palpable lymph nodes metastasis, is worth generalizing in clinical practice.
ObjectiveTo summarize the domestic and abroad articles related to the research on the relation between miRNA-221/222 and thyroid cancer, and explore the important effects of miRNA-221/222 in diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.
MethodsDomestic and international publications involving the relationship of miRNA-221/222 to thyroid cancer were screened and reviewed.
ResultsMiRNA-221/222 is a tumor marker with high specificity and sensitivity in thyroid cancer. It has important significance for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of thyroid cancer.
ConclusionMiRNA-221/222 is not only related to diagnosis of thyroid cancer, but also have provided a new research direction and method for gene therapy of thyroid cancer．
ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic efficacy of serum thyroglobulin (Tg), diagnostic 131I whole-body scan (D-WBS), neck ultrasound for diagnosing metastasis and recurrence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).
MethodsFrom May to June 2011, fifty follow-up DTC patients were collected retrospectively 6 months or more after 131I ablation therapy following total-thyroidectomy or near-total thyroidectomy. The diagnostic standard for DTC metastasis and relapse were based on serum Tg, D-WBS, neck ultrasound and chest CT. Diagnostic 2 by 2 table was employed for calculating the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of the methods.
ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of TgIMA and D-WBS parallel experiments were 100.0%, 92.9%, 96.0%, 91.7%, and 100.0% respectively.
ConclusionTgIMA combined with D-WBS parallel test in diagnosis of DTC metastasis and recurrence has the highest accuracy.
ObjectiveTo review the recent progress of the molecular targeted therapy for thyroid cancer.
MethodsThe literatures of molecular etiology for thyroid cancer, mechanism and evaluation of targeted therapy via Medline and CHKD database were reviewed.
ResultsSo far, four molecular targeted drugs (Sorafenib, Lenvatinib, Vandetanib, and Cabozantinib) have been approved for treatment of advanced thyroid cancer by FDA. They can mainly improve the patient's progression-free survival. Besides, several new molecular targeted drugs have accomplishedⅠphase or Ⅱ phase clinical trials. These drugs may be new options for treatment of advanced thyroid cancer in the future.
ConclusionsMolecular targeted drugs have been the main therapeutic method for advanced thyroid cancer. However, we should invent more effective new drugs and investigate the drug combination to improve the therapeutic effect.
Objective The expression of CD15 antigen and oncoprotein bcl-2 in thyroid cancer were examined in order to study the correlation between them. Methods The expression of CD15 and bcl-2 in 50 thyroid cancers, 20 adjacent noncancerous portion, 45 adenoma and 10 normal thyroid tissue were respectively investigated by microwave-LSAB immunohistochemical technique. Results The positive rate of CD15 and bcl-2 in thyroid cancer was 68.0% and 46.0% respectively, which was significantly higher than that in adenoma or adjacent noncancerous (Ｐ＜0.05). The percentage of CD15 and bcl2 positive expression were found to be significantly correlated with the tumor metastasis (Ｐ＜0.05), but not correlated with histological feature. Expression of CD15 was significantly correlated with bcl-2.Conclusion Expression of CD15 and bcl-2 can be regarded as a parameter to evaluate tumor metastasis and prognosis of thyroid cancer.
Objective To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of Hashimoto thyroiditis （HT） coexistence withthyroid cancer （TC）. Methods One hundred and eighty-four patients with HT treated in The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2011 were collected， and clinical data of 32 patients with TC of them were analyzed retrospectively. Results Thirty two patients combined with TC of the 184 patients with HT， and the incidence rate was 17.4%. All of the 32 patients were treated surgically according to the principle of surgery treatment for TC. Of the 32 cases of HT coexistence with TC， 15 patients were diagnosed by preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology （FNAC）， and the sensitivity of FNAC was 46.9% （15/32）. Twenty seven patients were diagnosed by intraop-erative frozen section pathological examination， and the sensitivity of it was 84.4% （27/32）， which was significantly higher than those of FNAC （χ2=7.563，P=0.004）. Thirty patients were diagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma （PTC）， and 2 patients were diagnosed as follicular thyroid carcinoma （FTC） by postoperative paraffin section pathological exam-ination and （or） immunohistochemistry， respectively. All patients were treated with levothyroxine （L-T4） after operation，and 5 patients were treatment with 131I therapy in addition. One patient suffered convulsion， and 2 patients suffered mild hoarsenessthere after operation. Only 29 patients were followed up for 3-49 months （average 35 months）， and during the followed up， there were no tumor recurrence， metastasis， and death. Conclusions The rate of preoperative diagnosis of HT coexistence with TC is low， and auxiliary examinations play an important role in diagnosis and guiding treatment. Surgery is the preferred treatment， but auxiliary therapies after surgery are indispensable too.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions of chemokine receptor CXCR4 and CCR7 in thyroid cancer and its clinicopathologic significance. MethodsFifty-five patients with thyroid cancer were selected in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from 2006 to 2009, and 30 patients with thyroid adenoma were selected in the same hospital during 2009. The expressions of CXCR4 and CCR7 were detected in all the selected cases samples (including thyroid cancer and thyroid adenoma) by immunohistochemical SP technique. ResultsThe positive expression rates of CXCR4 and CCR7 in the thyroid cancer were higher than those in the thyroid adenoma (Plt;0.01), which in the thyroid cancer with clinical stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ were higher than those of the clinical stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ (Plt;0.05). The positive expression rate of CCR7 in the thyroid cancer with lymph node metastasis was higher than that of the thyroid cancer without lymph node metastasis (Plt;0.05), which of CXCR4 in the patients with thyroid cancer was independent of lymph node metastasis (Pgt;0.05), and which of CXCR4 and CCR7 were also independent of the age and gender of the patients with thyroid cancer (Pgt;0.05). The positive expressions of CCR7 and CXCR4 in all the patients with thyroid cancer was positively correlated (rs=0.491, P=0.000). ConclusionsCXCR4 and CCR7 are involved in the coordination of thyroid cancer progression. They can be used as prognostic indicators of thyroid cancer. High expression of CCR7 is prone to lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer.
Objective To explore the diagnosis and relapse factors of thyroid cancer. Methods Two hundreds fifty-six cases of thyroid cancer approved by surgery and pathology from 1999 to 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Two hundred and thirty-five cases were approved papillary thyroid carcinoma (91.8%)，11 cases were follicular thyroid carcinoma (4.3%)， 7 cases were medullary thyroid carcinoma (2.7%)， 3 cases were anaplastic thyroid cancer (1.2%). All patients underwent surgery. The operation procedures included thyroidectomy and lymph nodes dissection in central zone of affecting side and subtotal thyroidectomy of contralateral side. Total or subtotal thyroidectomy of both sides and the dissection in unilateral or bilateral Ⅵ region lymph nodes or functional cervical lymph nodes dessection plus contralateral side Ⅵ region lymph nodes dissection in multi-focal cancer and double leaf gland cancer. Functional cervical lymph nodes dessection if existing lymph nodes metastasis or thyroid cancer invading anterior cervical muscle. Two hundreds twentyeight cases were followed up with complete clinical information about (6.5±1.3) years (3-9 years). Six cases died during follow-up because of relapse or metastasis.Conclusions Imaging evaluation is the main method for diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Needle biopsy is reliable and accurate for diagnosis of thyroid tumor. Diameter of tumor is related with cervical lymph node metastasis. Patho-type and stage of tumor, local invasion extent, lymph node metastasis and operation procedure are related with the relapse closely.
To search for the relationship between immune state and tumor metastases, CD3,CD4,CD8 and CD44 contents in 13 speciments of fine needle aspiration (FNA) from thyroid cancer patients were detected by the flowcytometry (FCM) and comparison between thyroid cancer and benign tumor was made. The result showed :in thyroid cancer group, CD＋3，CD＋4 cells and the ratio of CD＋4/CD＋8 reduced significantly (Ｐ＜0.01),and CD＋8 cell increased significantly (Ｐ＜0.01), in metastases group,this change was much significantly. CD44 expressed significantly higher in cancer group than that of the benign thyroid neoplasms, and the change was related to the tumor metastases. The results indicate that CD44 can be as a marker of tumor and indicator of metastases. The disturbance of immune system results in active expression of CD44 by tumor cells, so, lead to metastases. It is helpful to the diagnosis of thyroid cancer, assessment of metastases and management in surgery.
