Objective To summarize the status of tumor stem cells study in solid tumors. Methods Domestic and international publications on the study of tumor stem cells in solid tumors in recent years were collected and reviewed. Results Tumor stem cells exactly existed in solid tumors and played a very important role in tumorgenesis. Conclusion Tumor stem cells bring a new broad of perspective on solid tumor study.
Objective To investigate the changes of microRNA-150 ( miR-150) in peripheral blood leukocytes in sepsis patients, and their relationship with expression of immune cytokines and sepsis severity. Methods The level of mature miR-150 was quantified by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and normalized to that of control miRNA, U6, in peripheral blood leukocytes of 40 patients with sepsis, 20 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( SIRS) , and 20 normal individuals. Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in all subjects. The sequential organ failure assessment ( SOFA) score systemwas used to evaluate the severity of sepsis. The relationships between miR-150 and the white blood cell count ( WBC) , TNF-α, IL-10 and SOFA score of the sepsis patients were analyzed. Results MiR-150 was stable for at least 5 days when specimen stored at 4 ℃ and the determination of miR-150 had a broad linear detecting range ( 6. 97-6. 97 ×104 pg/ μL RNA, the lowest detecting limit: 6. 97 pg/μL RNA,r=0.999) .MiR-150 expression in the peripheral blood leukocytes in the sepsis group was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group ( Plt;0.01) , while WBC, IL-10 and IL-10/TNF-α ratio were significantly higher ( Plt;0.05) . There was no significant difference in levels of miR-150, IL-10, IL-10/TNF-α ratio, and WBC between the sepsis group and the SIRS group (Pgt;0.05) . There was no significant difference in serum concentrations of TNF-α among three groups ( Pgt;0.05) . MiR-150 expression in non-survivor sepsis patients was significantly lower than that in survivor sepsis patients (Plt;0.05) , while serum IL-10 and IL-10/TNF-αratio were significantly higher (Plt;0.01) , but there was no significant difference in serum TNF-α between the non-survivor group and the survivor group ( Pgt;0.05) . There was significantly negative correlation between miR-150 and SOFA score, TNF-α and IL-10( r=-0. 619, - 0.457, -0. 431, Plt;0.05, respectively) , but no correlation between miR-150 and WBC ( r =-0. 184, Pgt;0.05) . There was no relationship between serum TNF-α, IL-10, IL-10 /TNF-α ratio or SOFA score ( Pgt;0.05) . Conclusions MiR-150 expression in the peripheral blood specimens is significantly decreased in sepsis patients. The expression level of miR-150 not only reflect the situation of inflammatory response, but also may be used as a prognostic marker in sepsis, as it can reflect the severity of sepsis in certain degree.
ObjectiveTo explore the relationship of levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with lung function in elderly patients with stable COPD and whose pulmonary function classification was levelⅡor above.
MethodsSixty elderly patients with stable COPD and with the pulmonary function classification of levelⅡor above and 35 age-matched healthy subjects in the Gansu Provincial Hospital from November 2012 to March in 2014 were recruited in the study.Serum IL-6, TNF-αand CRP levels were detected by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLI), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoturbidimetric assay, respectively.And their relationships with lung function were explored by Spearman correlation analysis.
ResultsThe levels of serum IL-6[(33.0±15.1) mg/L vs.(15.9±8.7) mg/L], TNF-α[(53.8±20.1) pg/mL vs.(22.2±8.0) pg/mL] and CRP[(8.7±3.9) mg/L vs.(5.8±2.3) mg/L] were significantly higher in the stable COPD patients than those in the healthy controls (P < 0.01).With the increase of COPD severity grade, the levels of serum IL-6, TNF-αand CRP increased gradually, and the lung function of FEV1%pred and FEV1/FVC decreased gradually (P < 0.05).The levels of serum IL-6, TNF-αand CRP were negatively correlated with lung function (P < 0.05).
ConclusionsThere is airway inflammation in elderly patients with stable COPD.Airway inflammation may be the reason of the decline of pulmonary function in patients with stable COPD.
Objective To observe the expression and relationship of high-mobility group A(HMGA)1, HMGA2, MIB-1 labeling index (LI) and let-7 in retinoblastoma (RB). Methods Forty-four RB samples were studied, including 11 poorly-differentiated samples, 33 well-differentiated samples; eight invasive and 36 non-invasive samples. The expression of HMGA1, HMGA2 and MIB-1 LI in RB were analyzed by immunohistochemitry. The HMGA1, HMGA2 were scored on a scale of 0 to high expression. 0: no expression; low: 1%-10%; medium: 11%-50%; high: ＞50%. The MIB LI were scored on a scale of 0 to high expression. 0: no expression; low: 1%-40%; high: ＞40%. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assay the let-7 expression level: ge;80% showed no significantly decreased expression; 60%-79% showed medium decrease in expression; ＜60% highly decreased in expression. ResultsIn 44 RB samples, there were 14 cases with no HMGA1 expression (32%), 11 cases with low expression (25%), 10 cases with medium expression (23%), and nine cases with high expression (20%). Expression level of HMGA1 was significantly higher in poorly differentiated RB than in well-differentiated RB (chi;2=11.3,P＜0.01); however, no statistically significant difference was found between invasive tumors and noninvasive tumors (chi;2=5.9,P＞0.05). There were 11 cases with no HMGA2 expression (25%), 11 cases with low expression (25%), nine cases with medium expression (20%), and 13 cases with high expression (30%). Expression level of HMGA2 was significantly higher in poorly differentiated and invasive RB than in well-differentiated and noninvasive RB respectively (chi;2=20.9, 8.7;P＜0.05). There were 4 cases with no MIB-1 LI expression (9%), 18 cases with low expression (41%), and 22 cases with high expression (50%). Expression level of MIB-1 LI was significantly higher in poorly differentiated RB than in well-differentiated RB (t=5.2,P＜0.05). Higher expression of MIB-1 LI was found in invasive tumors than in noninvasive tumors, with no significant difference (t=-1.1,P＞0.05). Twenty-seven cases had no significantly decreased expression of let-7 (61%). There were eight cases with medium decreased expression (18%) and nine cases with highly decreased expression (21%). Correlation analyses revealed that MIB-1 LI expression significantly correlated with HMGA1and HMGA2 proteins (r=0.327, 0.602;P＜0.05). A significantly inverse correlation existed between let-7 expression and HMGA1, HMGA2 proteins and MIB-1 LI respectively (r=-0.247,-0.310,-0.392;P＜0.05). Conclusions Overexpression of HMGA1, HMGA2 and MIB-1 LI and down regulation of let-7 were demonstrated in RB. Supplying let-7 to RB cells can possibly inhibit HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression.
Objective To observe the efficacy of the anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha; monoclonal antibody (TNF-alpha; MCAb) in the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Methods EAU animal models were induced by interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) R16 peptide with immunization. The rats were divided into 2 groups according to the injection times. TNF-alpha; MCAb was administered intravenously on day 6 or 4, 6 and 8 post-immunization respectively, and then to observe the clinical expression by slit-lamp microscope. Meanwhile, take the rats which did not accept TNF-alpha; MCAb as control group. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses were measured on day 13 post-immunization of IRBP R16; the rats were killed on day 14 post-immunization of IRBP R16, and then enucleated the eyes for histopathological examination. To detect the cytokine level of IFN-gamma;, IL-4 in serum and IFN-gamma; in aqueous humor by enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on day 14 post-injection. The hyperplasia responses of antigen specific lymphocyte of draining lymph node cells were detected. Results The TNF-alpha; MCAb group had mitigated ocular inflammation and decreased pathological grades compared with the control group; the IFN-gamma; concentrations in aqueous humor and serum were decreased, IL-4 was increased in serum; DTH responses were decreased; the hyperplasia responses of draining lymphocytes to IRBP R16 peptide were decreased, all the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01). The rats accepted TNF-alpha; MCAb thrice had much better curative effect than the rats injected once (P＜0.05). Conclusions Injection of TNF-alpha; MCAb can inhibit ocular inflammation and specific immune cells of EAU remarkably and change the Th1/Th2 balance. Many times injections of TNF-alpha; MCAb were more effective than once.
ObjectiveTo summarize the domestic and abroad articles related to the research on the relation between miRNA-221/222 and thyroid cancer, and explore the important effects of miRNA-221/222 in diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.
MethodsDomestic and international publications involving the relationship of miRNA-221/222 to thyroid cancer were screened and reviewed.
ResultsMiRNA-221/222 is a tumor marker with high specificity and sensitivity in thyroid cancer. It has important significance for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of thyroid cancer.
ConclusionMiRNA-221/222 is not only related to diagnosis of thyroid cancer, but also have provided a new research direction and method for gene therapy of thyroid cancer．
ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Crocin on structure and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha; (TNF-alpha;) and interleukin-1beta; (IL-1beta;) in rat retina after injury by ischemia-reperfusion. Methods A total of 80 Sprague-Dawley male rats at the age of 8 -10 weeks were divided into control group, model group, low-dose Crocin group and high-dose Crocin group, with 20 rats in each group. The rats of control group were not treated. The rats in model, low-dose Crocin and high-dose Crocin group were induced with normal saline by anterior chamber perfusion creating a retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) model. The rats of the low-dose Crocin and highdose Crocin group received intraperitoneal injection with different doses of Crocin solution (5 mg/kg, or 50 mg/kg) 30 minutes prior to ischemic injury and one time per day after successful RIR. Optical microscopy was used to observe the retinal structure. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the expression of TNF-alpha; and IL-1beta; 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after RIR. ResultsThe retinal structure of control group was normal. Pathological changes were found in the RIR model and low-dose Crocin group, such as retinal edema, disorganized structure and loosely packed cells. The degree of pathological changes in lowdose Crocin group was less than the RIR model group. The retinal structure of high-dose Crocin group was similar to the control group. The expression of TNF-alpha; was the highest at 24 hours after modeling, while the expression of IL-1beta; was the highest at 12 and 48 hours after RIR modeling. Six, 12, 24 and 48 hours after RIR modeling, compared with the control group, the TNF-alpha; expression of model (t=5.42, 7.94, 9.32, 9.18;P＜0.05 ), low-dose Crocin (t=3.94, 4.12, 4.98, 3.84;P＜0.05) and high-dose Crocin group (t=2.13, 2.34, 2.96, 2.78;P＞0.05) were increased. Compared with the RIR model group, the TNF-alpha; expression of low-dose Crocin (t=3.95, 4.56, 4.01, 5.12) and high-dose Crocin group (t=5.23, 7.65, 7.74, 7.63) was decreased. Compared with the control group, the IL-1beta; expression of model (t=7.23, 7.87, 7.15, 15.60), low-dose Crocin (t=5.65, 5.10, 5.54, 6.87;P＜0.05) and high-dose Crocin group (t=4.38, 5.21, 4.56, 4.75) was increased (P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, the IL-1beta; expression of low.dose Crocin group was decreased significantly 48 hours after RIR modeling (t=7.56,P＜0.05); but it decreased significantly at each time point in high-dose Crocin group (t=6.94, 5.36, 6.05, 10.50;P＜0.05). Conclusion Crocin can improve the retinal pathologic changes, while down-regulating TNF-alpha; and IL-1beta; expression in RIR rats.
Objective To explore the effects of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with fluorouracil (FU) on the growth and metastasis of tumor cells in carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum. Methods Fifty male H-22 mice of clean grade were selected and randomly assigned into 5 groups in each group with 10: simple implantation group, pneumoperitoneum group, pneumoperitoneum and NS group, pneumoperitoneum and low concentration (5.0 g/L) of FU group and pneumoperitoneum and high concentration (10.0 g/L) of FU group. All mice were executed after 11 days to observe the weight and the implantation of tumor in abdominal wall. Then the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The tumor weight was significantly higher in pneumoperitoneum and high concentration of FU group compared with other groups except pneumoperitoneum and low concentration of FU group (P＜0.05, P＜0.01 ). The inhibition rate of tumor was 64.5% in pneumoperitoneum and high concentration of FU group. The diameter of portsite implantation nodus was significantly bigger in pneumoperitoneum and NS group compared with pneumoperitoneum and low concentration of FU group and pneumoperitoneum and high concentration of FU group (P＜0.01). The expressions of PCNA and VEGF of ascites and portsite implantation nodus were significantly different in every group, respectively (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Conclusion There is inhibitive effect of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with high concentration of FU on the growth and metastasis of S-180 tumor cells in CO2 pneumoperitoneum, which may be associated with downregulation of PCNA and VEGF expressions.
Objective To evaluate the correlation of TNF-α G308A polymorphism and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) using meta-analysis. Methods Databases including PubMed, EMbase, CNKI and WanFang Data were searched to collect case-control study on the correlation of TNF-α G308A polymorphism and RHD, published from January 1990 to June 2011. Two reviewers independently screened studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 and SPSS 16.0. Results A total of 5 studies were included, involving 539 RHD cases and 624 controls. The results of meta-analysis according to recessive genetic model of TNF-α G308A showed that there were significant differences in RHD risk between the AA genotype carriers and the GA+GG genotype carries (OR=5.06, 95%CI 2.15 to 11.89, P=0.0002), the same as the results of meta-analysis calculated according to dominant genetic model (OR=3.14, 95%CI 1.05 to 9.38, P=0.04). Conclusion Current evidence shows that TNF-α G308A polymorphism is related to RHD, and the AA genotype carriers tend to face an increasing RHD risk. This conclusion still needs to be further proved by more high-quality and large-scale clinical trials.
Objective To investigate the impacts of cytokines （interleukin-4，IL-4；tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α） and medications of bronchial asthma （dexamethasone，aminophylline，salbutamol） on the activity of histamine N-methyltransferase（HMT） in tracheal epithelial cells.Methods BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were cultured and treated with different concentration of TNF-α, IL-4, dexamethasone, salbutamol and aminophylline respectively. The activity of HMT in BEAS-2B cells was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Results The activity of HMT in tracheal epithelial cells was (50±7) pmol?min-1?mg pro-1.TNF-α and IL-4 lowered the activity of HMT significantly at the concentration equal to or higher than 1 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL respectively，and reached the maximum inhibitory effect at the level of 10 ng/mL.Dexamethasone and aminophylline could ameliorate distinctly the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on the activity of HMT, while salbutamol had no significant inhibitory effect.Conclusions TNF-α and IL-4 exert the lowering effect on the activity of HMT，which would be one important cause of airway hyperreactivity.Glucocorticoids and theophyllines are administered to treat asthma partly due to its relieving mechanism of TNF-α negative effects on HMT.
