Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder. Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is defined as failure to achieve sustained seizure freedom after adequate trials of two appropriately chosen and tolerated anti-seizure medications (ASMs) regimens (as monotherapies or in combination). In this population, surgical resection and neuromodulation can effectively reduce seizure burden; however, their effectiveness is limited by uncertainty in epileptogenic zone localization, interindividual variability in stimulation targets and parameters, and procedure-related risks. As an emerging technology, brain–computer interface (BCI) offer a closed-loop framework of real-time monitoring, state decoding, decision-making, and intervention delivery, shifting therapy from fixed-parameter open-loop approaches to biomarker-driven, dynamically personalized modulation and providing new avenues for precision, individualized treatment of DRE. This review summarizes signal acquisition and decoding strategies for epilepsy BCI, closed-loop intervention paradigms, and key challenges in clinical translation.
Informed-evidence decision-making (IEDM) has emerged as the predominant principle of providing guidance for policy-making and practice, however, the best available evidences requisite of performing successfully IEDM. Different forms of evidence and different kinds of review questions call for the development of new approaches that are designed to more effectively and rigorously identify and synthesize the evidence. Fourteen methods of reviewing literature have been recently used to identify and synthesize evidence, of which scoping reviews is increasing popular. This article introduces aspects such as background, purpose and methodological frame work and explains the process of it with an example so that facilitating the dissemination and utilization of scoping review in China.
