Objective To summarize the mechanism and research progress of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in various liver diseases and related drug development, providing theoretical basis for further mechanism exploration and clinical application. Method The literatures on the mechanism of KLF2 in liver diseases at home and abroad were collected and summarized. Results KLF2 was widely distributed and had various functions in human body, mainly regulating the growth, differentiation and function of endothelial cells, inhibiting pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic gene expression, and participating in important physiological processes such as liver inflammation, oxidative stress and thrombosis, and affecting the occurrence and development of various liver diseases. The regulation of KLF2 expression by statins had been widely used in the treatment of liver diseases. Conclusion KLF2 regulates the expression of related molecules through a variety of pathways and affects the functions of various cells in the liver, which is the focus of research on improving liver injury.
ObjectiveTo comprehend the impact of perineural invasion (PNI) on the occurrence, development, and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), providing a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. MethodThe latest literature relevant researches on the mechanism, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PNI in CRC both domestically and internationally was reviewed. ResultsThe mechanisms underlying PNI involved nerve growth factors, chemokines, and other signaling molecules, which regulated the interactions between the nerves and cancer cells to promote the tumor invasion and metastasis. The diagnostic approaches primarily relied on the histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry and radiomics. Therapeutically, the PNI-positive patients benefited from surgical intervention in combination with neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment. Targeting the neural pathways and immune checkpoint inhibitors (such as programmed cell death 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 inhibitors) showed potentials in reducing neural invasion and tumor progression. Emerging strategies that disrupted tumor-nerve interactions also represented promising therapeutic avenues. The PNI was recognized as a critical prognostic indicator for CRC, providing guidance in risk assessment and individualized treatment planning. ConclusionsPNI serves as an important indicator for evaluating the prognosis of CRC, it has a guiding value for therapy decision-making. Further research of molecular mechanisms and diagnostic methods relevant PNI can potentially yield more effective therapeutic options and is expected to improve prognosis of patients with CRC.
Objective To investigate the effects of a novel total nutritional composition on the healing of full-thickness skin defects in rats. Methods Ninety SPF male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 18 rats in each group: normal group (group A), model group (group B), equal-energy standard nutrition preparation group (group C), equal-protein component group (group D), and nutritional composition group (group E). Except group A, full-thickness skin defects of 1.5 cm in diameter were established on the back of rats in the other four groups. On the basis of conventional feeding, rats received intragastric administration of sterile water or corresponding nutritional preparations twice a day for 14 consecutive days. General wound appearance was observed and wound healing rate was calculated at 0, 7, 10, and 14 days after injury. Six rats per group were sacrificed at 7, 10, and 14 days after injury to collect wound tissues. HE and Masson trichrome staining were performed to observe histopathological changes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect CD31-positive microvessel density. ResultsAt 7, 10, and 14 days after injury, wound healing rates in groups C, D, and E were significantly higher than those in group B, and group E was significantly higher than group D (P<0.05). No significant difference was detected between group C and group E at all time points (P>0.05). Histological results showed that group E had the least necrotic tissue, mildest inflammatory infiltration, richest neovascularization, widest re-epithelialization range, as well as the densest and most regularly arranged collagen deposition, with better repair effects than groups C and D. CD31 immunohistochemistry indicated that microvessel densities in groups B-E were significantly higher than that in group A (P<0.05). Microvessel density in groups C, D, and E was significantly higher than that in group B, and groups C and E were significantly higher than group D (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between group C and group E (P>0.05). ConclusionThe novel total nutritional composition can relieve wound inflammation, promote collagen deposition and angiogenesis, and accelerate skin wound healing. It possesses better repair efficacy than equal-protein formula, comparable therapeutic effect with equal-energy nutritional preparation, and shows obvious advantages in early wound healing.
