In thoracoscopic pulmonary nodule resection surgery, precise preoperative planning is crucial. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technologies have shown great potential in this area. AI-assisted 3D reconstruction technologies can provide accurate, personalized models of the pulmonary vasculature and bronchial anatomy, assisting surgeons in detailed surgical planning and thus enhancing the precision and safety of surgeries. This article reviews the application progress of AI-assisted 3D reconstruction technologies in pulmonary nodule surgery, including their applications in preoperative diagnosis, surgical planning, and intraoperative navigation, as well as the advancements in AI-assisted 3D reconstruction technologies. It analyzes the technical features of all kinds of 3D reconstruction methods, their clinical applications, and the challenges they face.
In order to protect the integrity and function of the digestive system, duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection is becoming the surgical method which was chosen by more and more doctors for benign lesions or low-grade malignant tumors of the pancreatic head. With the development of minimally invasive concepts and techniques, laparoscopic technology has brought unique advantages to this surgery. In this paper, a series of problems such as the development process and indications of laparoscopic duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection were discussed, and the core techniques of surgery and how to reduce the occurrence of complications were emphasized. The aim is to improve the therapeutic effect and quality of life of patients through reasonable surgical methods and treatment strategies.
Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a kind of rare malignancy which often occurs in children and is related to dysplasia. It always involves in pleura and lung. PPB is misdiagnosed easily because of its special pathophysiological characters and complex biological behavior. Early detection and correct treatment are very important for thoracic surgeon to cure PPB. This paper reviews the advance of pathophysiological characters, molecular genetic characters, clinical manifestation, clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and treatment and prognosis of PPB.
Objective To investigate the research advance in repair of the peripheral nerve defect with an acellular nerve allograft. Methods The recent related literature was extensively and comprehensively reviewed. The methods and the effects of the allografts with acellular nerves were analyzed. Results The immunogenicity of the allograft was more significantly relieved by the chemical treatment than by the physicaltreatment. The effect of the chemical treatment on the axon regeneration was better than that of the physical treatment. Conclusion Because of the limitation of the host Schwann cell translation in the longsegment acellular nerve allografts, the effect of Schwann cells is not satisfactory and regeneration of the nerve is limited. So, the recellularized treatment with some related measures can enhance the host Schwann cell translation so that this problem can be solved.
Objective To systematically review the effectiveness of amiodarone in treating repurfusion arrhythmia (RA) after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), so as to provide high quality evidence for formulating the rational thrombolytic therapy for AMI. Methods Randomized controlled trails (RCTs) on amiodarone in treating RA after thrombolytic therapy for AMI were electronically retrieved in PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2012), CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data from inception to January, 2013. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed quality. Then RevMan 5.1 software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 5 RCTs involving 440 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis suggested that, compared with the blank control, amiodarone reduced the incidence of RA after thrombolytic therapy in treating AMI (RR=0.60, 95%CI 0.48 to 0.74, Plt;0.000 01) and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (RR=0.47, 95%CI 0.26 to 0.85, P=0.01). It neither affected the recanalization rate of occluded arteries after thrombolytic therapy (RR=1.00, 95%CI 0.88 to 1.15, P=0.94) nor decreased the mortality after surgery (RR=0.33, 95%CI 0.10 to 1.09, P=0.07). Conclusion Current evidence indicated that, amiodarone can decrease the incidence of RA. Unfortunately, the mortality rate can’t be reduced by amiodarone. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion
Objective To review current status of surgical treatment for angular kyphosis in spinal tuberculosis and provide reference for clinical treatment. Methods The literature on the surgical treatment for angular kyphosis of spinal tuberculosis in recent years was extensively reviewed and summarized from the aspects of surgical indications, surgical contraindications, surgical approach, selection of osteotomy, and perioperative management. Results Angular kyphosis of spine is a common complication in patients with spinal tuberculosis. If kyphosis progresses gradually, it is easy to cause neurological damage, deterioration, and delayed paralysis, which requires surgical intervention. At present, surgical approaches for angular kyphosis of the spine include anterior approach, posterior approach, and combined anterior and posterior approaches. Anterior approach can be performed for patients with severe spinal cord compression and small kyphotic Cobb angle. Posterior approach can be used for patients with large kyphotic Cobb angle but not serious neurological impairment. A combined anterior and posterior approaches is an option for spinal canal decompression and orthosis. Osteotomy for kyphotic deformity include Smith-Peterson osteotomy (SPO), pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), vertebral column resection(VCR), vertebral column decancellation (VCD), posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR), deformed complex vertebral osteotomy (DCVO), and Y-shaped osteotomy. SPO and PSO are osteotomy methods with relatively low surgical difficulty and low surgical risks, and can provide 15°-30° angular kyphosis correction effect. VCR or PVCR is a representative method of osteotomy and correction. The kyphosis correction can reach 50° and is suitable for patients with severe angular kyphosis. VCD, DCVO, and Y-shaped osteotomy are emerging surgical techniques in recent years. Compared with VCR, the surgical risks are lower and the treatment effects also improve to varying degrees. Postoperative recovery is also a very important part of the perioperative period and should be taken seriously. Conclusion There is no consensus on the choice of surgical treatment for angular kyphosis in spinal tuberculosis. Osteotomy surgery are invasive, which is a problem that colleagues have always been concerned about. It is best to choose a surgical method with less trauma while ensuring the effectiveness.
【Abstract】Objective To explore the feasibility that the recipient against donor antigen-specific T lymphocytes clones are formed,and the suicide genes are induced into the clone. In the end it may induce the transplanted-organ tolerance. Methods The recipient rats were immunized by the donor rats-splenocytes, then the recipient’s T cell were isolated, purified and diluted with limited-dilute methods into single cell.The T cells were cultured by adding raise cells,ConA or IL2 under the different concentration and at last the T cell clone were formed. Results A stable recipient against donor antigen-specific T cell clone was established. The difference among the different immune groups was very significant(tgt;t0.05). The T cell clone was not formed without raise cells or only with raise cells. The rare clone could be formed by ConA stimulation but without IL-2. The clone-forming rate was associated with concentration of IL-2. ConclusionThe mature T cell is able to proliferate to form clone when the condition is suitable. The recipient is immunized with donor rats spleen cellular antigen. The T cells clones selected in the end are donor antigen-specific.
Objective
To investigate the changes of cognitive function of epileptic patients after antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) therapy.
Methods
Twenty eight cases of epileptic patients with new diagnosis and untreatment from March 2015 to February 2016 were collected. According to the seizure type, degree of attack and drug efficacy, patients were divided into three groups and treated with one of three AEDs, including Lamotrigine (LTG), Oxcarbazepine (OXC), and Sodium valproate (VPA). Among them, 11 were LTG group, 12 were OXC group and 5 were VPA group.Then the patients were followed up for 1 year. The clinical memory scale was used to analyze cognitive function of epileptic patients before and after therapy.
Results
Compared to 30 cases of healthy volunteers, the scores of memory quotient (P<0.01), directed memory (P<0.05), associative learning (P<0.05) and image free recall (P<0.01) of epileptic patients were obviously decreased before AEDs therapy.AEDs therapy reduced or controlled seizures in new diagnostic epileptic patients, and the total effective rate was 85.7%. In the clinical memory scale tests, the scores of memory quotient (P<0.01), directed memory (P<0.05), associative learning (P<0.05), portrait characteristics contact memory (P<0.05) were improved after therapy. The scores of image free recall and meaningless graphics recognition were also improved, but there was no statistical significance. Besides, there was a statistically significant improvement in the score of portrait characteristics contact memory after LTG treatment (P<0.05), and directed memory after VPA treatment (P<0.05).
Conclusions
Epileptic patients accompanied with cognitive deficits before drug intervention. Through standard AEDs treatment, seizures could be better controlled. The cognitive function of epileptic patients was not declined after short-term（within 1 year） intervention of LTG, OCX or VPA. Moreover some parts of the cognitive domain could be improved.
The modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are the key issues we must face up to. The development of TCM needs to depend on the breakthrough of methods and the innovation of ideology, and the international standardization of scientific research evaluation. The clinical evidence from randomized comtrolled trials (RCT) is valuable and reliable. It has shown that the proportion of RCT identified in TCM journals was less than 30%, and the score of RCT’s quality was less than 3 using Jadad scale. However, the number of systematic reviews on TCM is increasing rapidly after the evidence-based medicine (EBM) was introduced and practiced in China. Until 2004, 43 systematic reviews of TCM were published in China, and the quality of RCT included in those reviews was elevated. It has shown that the efficacy and safety of TCM indicated some advances in treatment of certain kind of diseases. It has been realized that RCT are important in TCM, and improving the quality of RCT is the key step for modernization and internationalization of TCM.
With the wide application of virtual reality technology and the rapid popularization of virtual reality devices, the problem of brain fatigue caused by prolonged use has attracted wide attention. Sixteen healthy subjects were selected in this study. And electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were acquired synchronously while the subjects watch videos in similar types presented by traditional displayer and virtual reality separately. Two questionnaires were conducted by all subjects to evaluate the state of fatigue before and after the experiment. The mutual correlation method was selected to construct the mutual correlation brain network of EEG signals before and after watching videos in two modes. We also calculated the mutual correlation coefficient matrix and the mutual correlation binary matrix and compared the average of degree, clustering coefficient, path length, global efficiency and small world attribute during two experiments. The results showed that the subjects were easier to get fatigue by watching virtual reality video than watching video presented by traditional displayer in a certain period of time. By comparing the characteristic parameters of brain network before and after watching videos, it was found that the average degree value, the average clustering coefficient, the average global efficiency and the small world attribute decreases while the average path length value increased significantly. In addition, compared to traditional plane video, the characteristic parameters of brain network changed more greatly after watching the virtual reality video with a significant difference (P < 0.05). This study can provide theoretical basis and experimental reference for analyzing and evaluating brain fatigue induced by virtual reality visual experience.
