【摘要】 目的 探討生理鈣透析液對持續性不臥床腹膜透析（CAPD）患者鈣磷代謝的影響。 方法 回顧性分析2008年1月-2009年12月腹膜透析患者的鈣磷指標，資料齊全的患者中使用鈣濃度為1.25 mmol/L的腹膜透析液（生理鈣組）的患者有30例，使用鈣濃度為1.75 mmol/L的透析液（標準鈣組）患者30例。對兩組患者鈣磷代謝指標進行比較。 結果 治療前后兩組的血磷、鈣磷乘積和全段甲狀旁腺素差異均無統計學意義（Pgt;0.05）；治療后標準鈣組血鈣較前升高，差異有統計學意義（Plt;0.05），而生理鈣組治療前后血鈣差異無統計學意義（Pgt;0.05）。 結論 不同含鈣濃度腹膜透析液對機體鈣磷代謝的影響是不同的，在高鈣、高磷、低轉運骨病的腹膜透析患者中使用鈣濃度為1.25 mmol/L的生理鈣透析液減輕了鈣負荷，為臨床醫生使用含鈣磷結合劑提供了治療空間。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effects of physiological calcium dialysate on the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 60 patients having undergone CAPD in West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2008 and December 2009. The patients were divided into two groups with 30 in each by calcium concentration of the dialysate: the physiological calcium dialysate group (1.25 mmol/L) and the standard calcium dialysate group (1.75 mmol/L). The metabolism indexes of calcium and phosphorus for the two group of patients were compared. Results Levels of Serum phosphate, calcium-phosphate product and immoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) of all the patients in both groups before and after treatment showed no significant differences (Pgt;0.05). Serum calcium increased significantly in patients treated with standard calcium dialysate (Plt;0.05), while it did not change significantly in patients treated with physiological calcium dialysate (Pgt;0.05). Conclusions Dialysate with different concentrations of calcium provides different influence on the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Changing calcium concentration to 1.25 mmol/L in the dialysate can lower the calcium load for patients with hypercalcium and/or hyperphosphate with low bone turnover, providing treatment space for clinical doctors to use binders containing both calcium and phosphorus.
ObjectiveTo explore ways so as to improve smoking cessation rates by studying relevant cases in Hong Kong.MethodsPatients attending the clinical pilot project in Hong Kong from 2010 to 2022 were retrospectively surveyed and analyzed. Information such as patients' general information, reasons for smoking for the first time, situations that enable smoking, barriers to smoking cessation, and withdrawal symptoms were obtained using a pre-designed case report form and analyzed.ResultsA total of 10436 patients, 6936 males and 3500 females, were included. Influenced by friends (67.70%), relieving mental stress (33.12%) and curiosity (30.52%) were the main reasons for smoking for the first time; depression (57.14%), after meals (49.08%) and nervousness (41.26%) were the situations that enable smoking; the main barriers to smoking cessation were physiologic dependence (87.06%) friends or colleagues smoking (37.03%) and compulsiveness to use tobacco (32.45%), top withdrawal symptoms smoking stoppage were craving for cigarettes (50.33%), restlessness (38.33%), and difficulty concentrating (26.63%).ConclusionsThe proportion of patients actively choosing to quit smoking is high in Hong Kong, and smoking cessation methods should be publicized to prompt smokers to take effective measures to quit. A majority of people are influenced by friends to smoke for the first time; thus, adolescent smoking behavior should be supervised to reduce first-time smokers. Moreover, as the most difficult thing to overcome in the process of quitting smoking is psychological addiction, behavioral interventions must be promoted to improve the rate of successful quitting, Steps should be taken to enable the management of withdrawal symptoms to prevent relapse.
ObjectiveTo summarize the application status of hypoxia mimetic agents in bone tissue engineering.MethodsThe related literature about the hypoxia mimetic agents in bone tissue engineering was reviewed and analyzed. And the application status and progress of hypoxia mimetic agents in bone tissue engineering were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsHypoxia mimetic agents have the same effect as hypoxia in up-regulating the level of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). The combination of hypoxia mimetic agents and scaffolds can up-regulate the level of HIF-1α in bone tissue engineering, thus promoting early vascularization and bone regeneration of the bone defect area, which provides a new idea for using bone tissue engineering to repair bone defect. At present, the commonly used hypoxia mimetic agents include iron chelating agents, oxoglutarate competitive analogues, proline hydroxylase inhibitors, etc.ConclusionHypoxia mimetic agents have a wide application prospect in bone tissue engineering, but they have been used in bone tissue engineering for a short time, more attention should be paid to their possible side effects. In the future research, the hypoxia mimetic agents should be developed in the direction of higher targeting specificity and safety, and the exact mechanism of hypoxia mimetic agents in promoting bone regeneration should be further explored.
