Objective To review the research status of gelatin (Gel) composite material in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR), and point out the current shortcomings and future research directions. Methods Domestic and foreign literature related to Gel composites used in PNR was extensively reviewed, and the material characteristics, mechanism, and experimental effects were systematically analyzed from the structure types of nerve guide conduit (NGC), hydrogel, scaffold, film, and nanofiber bundle. Results Gel composites can improve the biocompatibility, mechanical properties, slow release, and conductivity of NGC, hydrogel, and scaffolds, promote the survival and proliferation of Schwann cells and adipose-derived stem cells, and facilitate the repair of long-distance peripheral nerve injury. The membrane made of Gel composites can reduce the scar formation at the nerve anastomosis, and the nanofiber bundle can help to restore the direct connection of the nerve stump. However, there are also challenges such as insufficient clinical transformation and determination of the best Gel composite scheme. Conclusion Gel composites show good application potential in PNR, but the optimal material ratio, clinical transformation scheme, and long-term effectiveness still need further study.
