More and more people suffered from the car otid artery obstruction. It is reported that it's around 69% of these patients the first clinical manifes tation of carotid occlusive disease is the ocular ischemic syndrome. Owing to th e most symptoms of the ocular ischemic syndrome are very obscure, so there are a lways overlook or made a misdiagnosis of this entity in clinical. Fundus fluores cein angiography (FFA) is the best procedure to find this entity. We should pay close attention to notice the early phase of FFA. It is the most specific FFA si gn in ocular ischemic syndrome, and it is a distinctly unusual finding to find t he ocular ischemic syndrome.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2008, 24: 79-81)
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is affected by multiple factors, and there are lots of misunderstanding and disputation on the diagnosis and treatment. Compared with the natural disease course of RVO, there was no safe and effective treatment for RVO at present. Necessary investigation and disputation is helpful to make objective conclusion. We should objectively analyze and evaluate the results of investigation from home and abroad.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2007, 23: 155-158)
In recent years, more and more new diagnostic and examining techniques are popularized, which improves the level of ocular fundus disease diagnosis and treatment. Because of the uneven distribution of diagnostic and therapeutic instruments resources, low level of application techniques, and different professional level of the doctors, the improvement and development of the application of the equipments and level of the diagnosis and treatment were inhibited. Appropriate understanding and applying basic diagnostic techniques of ocular fundus disease and comprehensive promoting the professionalsprime; levels are an urgent problem needs to be solved.
Purpose
To estabalish a quantifying model of retinal neovascularization suitable for the study of pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention for the retinal neovascularization．
Methods
Sixteen one-week-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 75% oxygen for 5 days and then to room air and 16 mice of the same age kept in room air as controls.Ink-perfused retinal flatmount was examined to assess the oxygen-induced changes of retinal vessels.The proliferated neovascular response was quantitated by counting the nuclei of endothelial cells of new vessels extending from the retina into the vitreous in 6 mu;m sagittal cross sections． VEGF and bFGF were determined on the cross-sections after immunohistochemcal stain.
Results
Constriction and closure of the blood vessels were found under the hyperoxia condition,and dilation and proliferation were found under the relatively hypoxia status.There was a mean of 24 neovascular nuclei per cross-section in the oxygen-treated retina and less than 1 nucleus in the control group (P＜0.001).VEGF stain was found ber in the inner retinal layer of oxygen-treated mouse than in that of the controls.
Conclusion
The quantifying model of retinal neovascularization may fascilitate the further researches of medical intervention and pathogenesis of retinal neovacularization.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2000，16：213-284)
Objective
To observe the effect of blue light on apoptosis of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro.
Methods
Human RPE cells were exposed to blue light, and the cells were divided into 3 groups: group A, with various intensity of illumination; group B: with same intensity but different time of illumination; group C: with same intensity and time of illumination but different finish time of the culture. The apoptosis of RPE cells was observed by TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and annexin V-fluoresein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy.
Results
The positive cells stained by TUNEL shrinked and turned round, whose nuclei concentrated and congregated like the crescent or hat. Cracked nuclei and membrane bleb were found. Swollen mitochondrial, disappeared inner limiting membrane of mitochondria, and dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum with metabolite were observed by transmission electronmicroscopy. In group A, mild damage of RPE cells was found when the threshold value of the intensity of illumination was less than（500±100）lx, and the apoptosis and necrosis of RPE cells aggravated as the intensity of illumination increased; in group B, as the time of illumination extended, the number of apoptotic RPE cells didn′t increase while the necrosis increased; in group C, 6 and 12 hours after illumination, apoptosis of cells was the main injury, while apoptosis with necrosis was found and necrotic cells increased as the time of illumination was prolonged.
Conclusions
Illumination with blue light may cause damages of human RPE cells in vitro, with the modalities of apoptosis, apoptotic necrosis and necrosis. The extent of injury is dependent on intensity and duration of the illumination.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005, 21: 384-387)
Objective To study the inhibitive effect of adenovirus mediated CD gene and 5-FC on proliferative human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells, and to search for an effective method to take precautions against proliferative vitroretinopathy (PVR).Method Different concentrations of CD and 5-FC were added respectively to the cultured third-growth-generation HRPE cells.Transferance rate was detected by positive HRPE cells marked by X-gal and LacZ. The number of HRPE cells were counted and evaluated by methylthiazol-tetrazollium (MTT) method. Results The adenovirus mediated CD gene could be transfered into HRPE cells with a dose-dependent manner. Positive HRPE cells with CD gene could transform 5-FC to 5-Fu,which could inhibit the increase of HRPE cells effectively. No obvious bystander effect on the growth of HRPE cells was detected.Conclusions The adenovirus may introduce a foreign gene into cultured HRPE cells efficiently. It could be a good method to treat and prevent PVR by medication. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：168-171)
Objective
To observe the effect of visible light on apoptosis of cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells.
Methods
Being the light source,500lx,(2 000±500)lx and (3 400±200)lx cold white light were used. The duration of exposure was 0,6,12 and 24 hours respectively. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling, Annexin V-flunorescein isothiocyanate/Propidium iodium labelling and flow cytometry.
Results
Apoptosis and necrosis were found in cultured human RPE cells which were exposed to visible light.(1)A significant increase in apoptotic and necrotic percentages was consistent with a higher light intensity.(2)Apoptosis was the main response to shorter (6 h and 12 h) exposure duration,while necrosis was more pronounced correlated to the prolongation of post-exposure culture (P＜0.05),and the longer the post-exposure period was, the more apoptotic necrosis were seen.Thirty-six hours after exposure the necrotic percentages were more pronounced (P＜0.01).
Conclusions
Visible light (＞500 lx) increases the proportion of apoptosis and necrosis of human RPE cells in vitro.The extent is related to exposure intensity and duration. It demonstrates that the lower intensity and the shorter duration of exposure to light are, the more pronounced apoptotic percentages are observed,otherwise necrosis.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 227-230)
Objective
To observe the clinical characteristics of idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome.
Methods
The clinical data of 3 patients with IRVAN syndrome which were diagnosed by systemic examination, fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, which was induced by retinal arterial inflammation, multiple macroaneurysms of optic disc and retinal vessels, edema of optic disc, and exudation around the optic disc, was found in all of the 3 patients, multiple arteriolar aneurysms of optic disc and retinal vascular and exudative neuroretinitis. Two patients had peripheral retinal vascular nonperfusion area, which belonged to typical IRVAN syndrome.
Conclusions
The clinical characteristics of IRVAN syndrome include idiopathic retinal vasculitis which only involved in artery, multiple retinal macroaneurysms which located on the dissepiment of optic disc and retinal artery, and the neuroretinitis induced by exudation of retina and optic disc because of vasculitis and aneurysms.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2007, 23: 180-183)
Purpose
To evaluate the prostag landins(PG) levels and to identify the effect of dexamethasone(DXM) on PG in response to photochemical insult in rat retina.
Methods
The experiments were performed on 36 SD rats which were separated into two groups,control and treated groups,and the latter received daily intraperitoneal injections of DXM (1 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days,starting 3 days before light exposure.The animals were continually exposed to green fluorescent light(510-560 nm)with an illuminance level of (1900plusmn;106.9)lx for 24 hrs.The retinal concentration of PGE 2 and 6-keto-PGF1alpha; were tested at 6hrs,1,3,7 and 14 days after light exposure.
Results
The PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1alpha; levels of the control groups (37.50plusmn;2.75,48.06plusmn;4.0 4,81.90plusmn;4.89) pg/mg and (4.68plusmn;0.69,7.50plusmn;0.57,10.40plusmn;0.71) pg/mg had significantly higher values than those of the treated rats(20.60plusmn;4.28,37.36plusmn; 3.34,54.85plusmn;4.57) pg/mg and (2.50plusmn;0.59,4．68plusmn;0.81,6.87plusmn;1.10)pg/mg (Plt;0.01) after 6 hrs,1 and 3 days light exposure respectively.
Conclusion
By inhibition of PG synthesis,the DXM may play an ameliorative effect on retinal photochemical injury of rats.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1999,15:94-96)
Objective To observe the effect of exogenous basic fibrob last growth factor (bFGF) on apoptosis of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells exposed to visible light,and determine the role of bFGF, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1),bcl-2 and caspase-3. Methods 2000±500) lx cold white light was used. Exogenous bFGF was utilized during culture. Annexin annexin V-fluoresce in isothiocyanate/propidium iodium (V-FITC/PI) labeling,flow cytometry, Immunocytochemical staining, enzyme associated absorb examing and reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to determine the apoptosis, the expression levels of bFGF, FGFR1, bcl-2, as well as the activity of caspase-3. Results No protective effect of bFGF was observed under the concentration 5 ng/ml.A significant inhibition of apoptosis was found in 10 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml groups （P＜0.05）. The upregulation of bcl-2 was observed in bFGF (10 ng/ml, 20 ng/ml) protreated groups（P＜0.01）.Compared to no light exposure group,all light exposure groups (including bFGF pro-treated) had higher endogenous bFGF and FGFR1 levels （P ＜0.05）, and the increase was concentration dependent.The bFGF and FGFR1 levels were higher in exogenous bFGF applied (gt;5 ng/ml) groups than light exposure groups（P＜0.05）. The caspase-3 activity was significantly inhibited in bFGF (10 ng/ml) pro-treated groups. Conclusions Human RPE cells exposed to visible light were rescued by application of exogenous bFGF in vitro.The probable protective mechanism of bFGF partly is directly binding to FGFR1 or potentiating endogenous bFGF autocrine loop,to upregulate bcl-2 and to inhibit caspase-3 activation. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：24-28)
