The transition of the residual motor network from inefficient compensation to adaptive integration serves as a crucial foundation for post-stroke motor recovery and the regulatory direction of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). NIBS can modulate network relationships within and between hemispheres as well as distant brain regions through inhibitory/excitatory strategies within the disease-related plasticity window, promoting the shift from inefficient compensation to integrative recovery of the motor network. Multimodal imaging can reveal differences in network phenotypes during this process. This article explores technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and electroencephalography, systematically reviews the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on spectral power, functional connectivity, and network topology, aiming to provide a basis for personalized NIBS applications.
