ObjectiveTo explore the significance of thyroglobulin in the evaluation of lymph node metastasis during the treatment and follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.MethodThe literatures about thyroid globulin evaluation of lymph node metastasis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma were collected through online database and summarized.ResultsThe determination of thyroglobulin played an important role in the perioperative evaluation of lymph node metastasis in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, the guidance of postoperative radiotherapy for metastasis, and the monitoring of recurrence and metastasis, and thyroglobulin combined with imaging examination could improve its evaluation efficiency.ConclusionsThyroglobulin is an important marker for the evaluation of lymph node metastasis in the treatment and follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Combination between thyroglobulin and imaging examination or other laboratory indicators to comprehensively explore its diagnostic threshold is a new idea, that can improve its value in the evaluation of lymph node metastasis.
ObjectiveIn order to improve the levels of clinical diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer, the research status and progress of blood markers of differentiated thyroid cancer in recent years were reviewed.MethodThe literatures about blood markers and liquid biopsy of differentiated thyroid cancer at home and abroad in recent years were searched and summarized.ResultsThyroglobulin and thyroglobulin antibody were the most commonly used for markers of differentiated thyroid cancer. The application value of blood markers such as microRNA and long non-coding RNA in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer had also been found.ConclusionBecause of the advantages of high specificity, high sensitivity, and no-invasion, blood markers are useful indicators to help improve the diagnosis of thyroid cancer patients and monitor the disease progression and recurrence in the future.
ObjectiveTo understand the research status, advantages and disadvantages, indications and contraindications, as well as the current challenges and countermeasures, controversies, and future development of gasless trans-subclavian approach endoscopic thyroidectomy (GTAET). MethodThe relevant domestic and international literature on GTAET was reviewed. ResultsIn terms of oncological outcomes (such as the number of central lymph nodes dissected), GTAET is comparable to traditional open surgery. It demonstrates markedly higher postoperative cosmetic satisfaction and significantly lower incidences of anterior neck paresthesia and swallowing traction discomfort. Compared to other endoscopic approaches (such as the transaxillary approach), GTAET offers advantages including a shorter surgical path, less trauma during cavity creation, a better visual field for central lymph node dissection, and a shorter operative time. It also avoids CO2 insufflation-related risks such as subcutaneous emphysema and hypercapnia. The main limitations of this technique are its generally longer operative time compared to open surgery and the potential for increased postoperative drainage. Furthermore, it faces several technical challenges and application difficulties in clinical practice, including the optimization of specialized instruments, standardization of surgical procedures, and management of lateral neck lymph node dissection. ConclusionsGTAET is a safe and feasible minimally invasive surgical approach for thyroid disease. While ensuring thorough tumor eradication, it combines the advantages of a well-concealed incision, excellent preservation of anterior neck function, and the safety and convenience of gasless technique. It also has a relatively manageable learning curve, making it an excellent surgical option for patients with thyroid tumors who prioritize cosmetic outcomes and quality of life.
