In recent years, the impact of chromosomal 1p32 abnormalities on diseases such as multiple myeloma (MM) has received increasing attention. Deletion of 1p32 is a key adverse prognostic factor for overall survival and progression-free survival in MM patients and also influences pre-MM states and primary plasma cell leukemia. Fluorescence in situ hybridization is currently the primary method for detecting chromosomal 1p32 abnormalities, yet it has limitations; emerging genetic testing technologies offer improved detection sensitivity. Furthermore, chromosomal 1p32 abnormalities are associated with other hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and various non-neoplastic diseases. In summary, the chromosomal 1p32 region holds significant promise for clinical translation in disease diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and personalized therapy. This review reviews the detection techniques for chromosomal 1p32 abnormalities and the cross-disease research progress, in order to explore their clinical translation prospects.
