The etiology and pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are unclear and difficult fot treatment. Some genetic research evidences in recent years have shown that the relationship between lipid metabolism-related gene polymorphism and AMD is statistically significant; it has also been found that blood lipid levels are related to AMD, and lipid-lowering drugs may have the effect of delaying the development of AMD in clinically. Abnormal lipid metabolism may play an important role in the occurrence and development of AMD. Clarifying the role of lipid metabolism in the occurrence and development of diseases will help reveal the pathogenesis of diseases and promote early diagnosis, monitoring and prevention of diseases, and provide an entry point for treatment.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease affected by environmental factors and genetic variation, which is a major cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly. miRNA is a kind of endogenous non-coding RNA, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AMD, such as oxidative stress, pathological neovascularization and inflammation, by inhibiting or silencing the expression of transcription genes. miRNA has unique advantages in terms of ease synthesis, targeting and additive effect, a large number of experiments have proved the therapeutic potential of miRNA in AMD, which is expected to become a new method for the treatment of AMD in the future. Since the pathogenesis of AMD has not been fully elucidated, it is still necessary to continue to study the pathogenesis of AMD, the biological effects and mechanisms of various miRNA in the occurrence and development of AMD, and observe its therapeutic effects in AMD, so as to provide more effective options for the precise prevention and treatment of AMD.
ObjectiveTo observe the changes of retinal and choroidal blood flow density and thickness in macula of different myopic dioptre eyes, and to analyze the correlation between retinal and choroidal blood flow density and axial length (AL). MethodsA retrospective clinical study. From October 2022 to May 2023, 86 eyes of 56 myopic patients scheduled for refractive surgery in Department of Ophthalmology, PLA Central Theater CommandGeneral were included into the study. According to the equivalent spherical specular degree (SE), 19, 21, 27 and 19 eyes of low myopia group (group A), moderate myopia group (group B), high myopia group (group C) and super high myopia group (group D) were observed. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and AL measurement were performed in all patients. The diopter was expressed in SE. AL was measured by ultrasonic bio-meter. OCTA scanner was used to scan the macular region in the range of 3 mm × 3 mm. The software automatically divided the macular region into two concentric circles with the fovea as the center, which were 1 mm in diameter respectively, the paracentric fovea of 1-3 mm was divided into 5 regions: superior, nasal, inferior and temporal. The superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), choroidal capillary plexus (CC), choroidal blood flow density, retinal and choroidal thickness were measured. The correlation between AL and blood flow density and thickness was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. ResultsThere was no significant difference in SCP blood density and DCP blood density in the fovea in groups A, B, C and D (P＞0.05) .There were significant differences in DCP flow density among superior, nasal, inferior and temporal areas (P＜0.05), the difference was significant (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the fovea area between the four groups (P＞0.05), but there was significant difference in the superior, nasal, inferior and temporal areas (P＜0.05). Different macular regions: there were statistically significant among group A, group B, and group C, group D (P＜0.05). Results of correlation analysis, AL was negatively correlated with DCP blood flow density (r=?0.504, ?0.500, ?0.460, ?0.465), retinal thickness (r=?0.348, ?0.338, ?0.312, ?0.230), macular subarea CC (r=?0.633, ?0.666, ?0.667, ?0.710, ?6.82), choroidal layer (r=?0.635, ?0.687, ?0.659, ?0.703, ?0.680) and choroidal thickness (r=?0.665, ?0.605, ?0.656, ?0.648, ?0.643) (P＜0.05). ConclusionsAL is negatively correlated with DCP, CC, CDF, retinal and choroidal thickness in the eyes with myopia. SCP, DCP and retinal thickness in fovea did not change significantly, and temporal choroidal thickness changed earlier than other areas.
ObjectiveTo observe the changes in the fundus microcirculation after implantation of the implantable Collamer lens (ICL) in eyes with moderate to high myopia. MethodsA retrospective study. From February 2022 to October 2023, 65 patients (100 eyes) with moderate to high myopia who underwent ICL implantation at the Refractive Surgery Center of the General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army were included in the study. According to the spherical equivalent (SE), they were divided into 3 groups: moderate myopia group (?6.0 D≤SE＜?3.0 D), high myopia group (?9.0 D≤SE＜?6.0 D), and ultra-high myopia group (SE＜?9.0D), comprising 33, 35, and 32 eyes, respectively. All underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) examination. SS-OCTA was used to scan a 3 mm×3 mm area of the macula to measure the preoperative and 6-month postoperative flow density in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), choriocapillaris, and choroidal vascular layer, as well as the area, perimeter (PERIM), and acircularity index (AI) of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and the retinal and choroid thicknesses. The choroid within 3 mm of the fovea was divided into two concentric circles centered on the fovea: the foveal zone (diameter 1 mm) and the parafoveal zone (1-3 mm), totaling five zones. The parafoveal zone was further divided into four quadrants: superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal. The changes in blood flow density and FAZ parameters in the macular area before and after the surgery were compared. The paired t test was used for the comparison of each index. ResultsSix months after the surgery, compared with before the surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in the blood flow density among the three groups of affected eyes in terms of SCP, DCP and choriocapillaris blood flow density (P＞0.05); in the choroidal layer, the nasal side difference in the high myopia group was statistically significant (P=0.044), and the central foveal area and nasal side differences in the ultra-high myopia group were also statistically significant (P=0.003, 0.037). In terms of retinal thickness, the lower and temporal side differences in the moderate myopia group were statistically significant (P＜0.05); the differences in all regions of the high myopia group were not statistically significant (P＞0.05); the upper, nasal, lower and temporal side differences in the ultra-high myopia group were all statistically significant (P＜0.05). In terms of choroidal thickness, the central foveal area and nasal side differences in the moderate myopia group and the ultra-high myopia group were statistically significant (P＜0.05); the differences in all regions of the high myopia group were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in FAZ area, PERIM and AI among the three groups of affected eyes (P＞0.05). ConclusionsSix months after ICL implantation surgery, there are no significant effects on SCP, DCP, choriocapillaris blood flow density, FAZ area, PERIM, and AI of the eyes with moderate to high myopia. The overall retinal thickness showed an increasing trend after the surgery. The changes in choroidal thickness and choroidal layer blood flow density in patients with different refractive errors are not synchronous. Therefore, the changes in blood flow and thickness of the foveal area and nasal choroid should be particularly focused on after the surgery.
