OBJECTIVE:To verify the safe dose of cephradine in intravitreal injection.
METHODS:After injecting different doses of cephradine(100mu;g,200mu;g,250mu;g,300mu;g,400mu;g)into vitreous cavity of different group of rabbits the activities of the retinal enzymes (SDH,LDH )on different time (Id,3d, 7d ) were determined respectively, and the histological and ultrastructural changes of retinas were also observed simuhaneously.
RESULTS:The activity of rellnal SDH and LDH was found to be decreased gradually with tbe icreasing of the dosage of intravitreal cephradine. The activities of SDH and LDH were found in the lowest level on tile 3rd and lsl day,but they recover to normal levels on tile 7th day after intravitreal in}eetion in 100mu;g,200mu;g groups,and still lower tban normal in the other groups. Histologically,retinal edema was found both in 100mu;g and 200mu;g groups,but degradation of retinal cells,and loss of cones and rods were round in the 250mu;g, 300mu;g and 400mu;g groups.
CONCLUSION: The safe dose of intravitreal injection of cepbradlnc is 200mu;g.
（Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13:139-142 ）
Objective To observe the regulation effect of transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha;) on expression of glutamate transporter（GLAST）and ingestion activity of retinal Muuml;ller cells in mice. Methods To take the retinal tissue of Kunming mouse at postnatal 7～10 day, and then cultured Muuml;ller cells according to literature. The 3～4 generation cultured cells of the same primary cell were divided into two groups at random: ① TGFalpha; group: maintained in different concentrations of TGFalpha; as 50, 75, 125 and 150 ng/ml, 3 holes in each concentration;② Control group: cultured by Eagle culture medium which improved from Dulbeccon and contained 20% fetal calf serum. The influence of different concentrations TGFalpha; on GLAST activity in Muuml;ller cells were observed by L-3H-glutamate uptake detection; the expression of GLAST mRNA in Muuml;ller cells was determined by RT-PCR; the expression of GLAST protein was detected with immunocytochemical staining. Results With the increase of TGFalpha; concentration, both L3H glutamate uptake and GLAST mRNA expression were increased. The L-3H-glutamate accumulation had got to the maximum uptake at concentration of 125 ng/ml, which was 266% of that in control group, meanwhile, the expressions of GLAST mRNA also got to the maximum as 4 times of control group. Immunocytochemical staining indicated that the effect of 125ng/ml TGFalpha; on expression of GLAST protein was higher than that in the control group, the differences between two groups were statistically significant (Plt;0.05). Conclusion TGF-alpha; can increase GLAST activity through up-regulating the expression of GLAST mRNA and protein.
The suprachoroidal space (SCS) is the potential space between the sclera and choroid. Drugs delivered through SCS can bypass the sclera, avoiding clearance by conjunctival and scleral blood vessels and lymphatic circulation, so that more drugs can reach the disease tissues such as choroid and retina. SCS drug delivery does not disrupt the ocular integrity, is safer than the intravitreal drug injection and more effective than trans-scleral drug delivery. In addition, SCS delivery only needs a very small volume of drug, which makes it possible to be carried out in multiple parts of the sclera, and the specific disease area can be more precisely targeted. SCS drug delivery is suitable for the treatment of choroidal and retinal diseases. However, currently SCS drug delivery is still a novel field and many aspects need to be more in-depth studied, including its safety, delivery methods, drug formulation and effectiveness.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of 30% and 50% dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) for acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
MethodsA retrospective cohort study. Ninety-two eyes of 88 patients with CSC, diagnosed by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), indirect ophthalmoscope, fundus colorized photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA)and optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) treated with 30% and 50% doses of verteporfin respectively between March 2007 and August 2013, were enrolled. The eyes were divided into 50% dose group (49 eyes) and 30% dose group (43 eyes). The differences of age (t=-1.45), gender (χ2=0.011), eyes (χ2=2.140), mean logMAR BCVA (t=-0.40), mean central retinal thickness (CRT) and the maximum thickness of serous retinal detachment (SRD) between two groups were not significant (P > 0.05). The difference of spot size between two groups was significant (t=-2.84, P < 0.05). The follow-up time was ranged from 6 to 68 months, with a mean of (17.16 ±11.30) months. The difference of follow-up between two groups was significant (P > 0.05). The BCVA, cure rate, recurrence rate and the changes of CRT and maximum SRT were observed by SD-OCT.
ResultsThe subretinal fluid (SRF) of 31 eyes (72.09%) in the 30% dose group and that of 47 eyes (95.92%) in the 50% dose PDT group was absorbed completely respectively. The cure rates in the 30% dose PDT group was significantly less than that in the 50% dose group (χ2=10.077, P=0.020). There was a significant negative association between the cure rate and spot size by Logistic regression (odds ratio > 1, P=0.040). The difference of changes in the BCVA of logMAR in 50% dose group was better than that in 30% dose group after more than 12 months after PDT (P=0.036). On 3, 6, 12 and more than 12 months after PDT, the difference in CRT in 50% dose group and 30% dose group were not statistically significant (P=0.068, 0.060, 0.082, 0.067). The difference in maximum thickness of SRD was not statically significant (P > 0.05). SRF was appeared in 8 eyes (25.81%) of 31 eyes in the 30% dose group, while SRF was appeared in 1 eye (2.13%) of 47 eyes in the 50% dose group. The recurrence rate of 30% dose group was much higher than that of 50% dose group (P < 0.05).
ConclusionsFor acute CSC treated by PDT, the curative effect of 50% dose group is better than the 30% dose group.
Objective To observe the effect of medicineinduced posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) on proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Methods PVR was induced in the left eyes of 24 pigmented rabbits by intravitreal injection with platelet rich plasma. The rabbits were randomly divided into two experimental groups (group A and B) and one control group with 8 eyes in each group. Three hours later, the eyes in group A and B and the control group underwent intravireal injection with 1 U plasmin 0.05 ml+20 U hyaluronidase 0.05 ml, plasmin 0.1 ml, and balance salt solution 0.1 ml, respectively. The grade of PVR was recorded 1, 7, and 28 days after the intravitreal injection, and the eyes were examined by flash electroretinogram (FERG), B-scan, and retinal histopathological examination. Results The PVR models of rabbit eyes were induced successfully. On the 7th day after injection, complete and partial PVD was found in 5 and 3 eyes respectively in group A; partial PVD in 5 eyes and no complete PVD was observed in group B; there was no PVD in the other 3 eyes in group B and also in the eyes in the control group. On the 28th day after intravitreal injection, PVR grade of group A and B were both obviously lower than that of the control group（D=75.6, 98.9；P=0.003，P=0.011）; On the 7th and 28th day after injection, the b-wave amplitude in group A and B was significantly higher than that in the control group; PVR grade of the PVD eyes was lower than that of nonPVD eyes; PVR grade of the complete PVD eyes was only 0～1. Conclusions Three hours after the PVR models of rabbit eyes were induced, complete PVD induced by intravitreal injection of plasmin combined with hyaluronidase could prevent the development of PVR of rabbit eyes in some degree; partial PVD induced by plasmin alone or combined with hyaluronidase could relieve the development of PVR.
ObjectiveTo carry out the work of overseeing transparent administration of clinical department affairs, have clear knowledge on the progress of making clinical department affairs public, and find out problems the staff focus most.
MethodQuestionnaire survey was used, combined with the participation of various meetings, interviews with staff, access to documents and other ways between November and December 2013.
ResultsIt showed that the rate of transparent administration of clinical department affairs was (78.39±18.55)%. Among all the affairs, policy ones had the highest scores (over 85%), while the rates of research and academic tenure, financial transactions and remuneration allocation, personnel arrangements and training were the lowest (below 75%), and faculty focused on these affairs.
ConclusionsFive methods can improve the rate of transparent administration of clinical department affairs effectively:enough attention from clinical departments, concerning what employees focus on, utilizing methods rationally, strong supervision and making full use of monitoring.
Objective To evaluate the safety repeated intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) with different dosage in rabbitsprime;eyes. Methods Fourteen chinchilla rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups, including both eyes of 2 rabbits in the control group,the right eyes of the other 12 rabbits in the experimental group,and the left eyes of the 12 rabbits in the experimental control group. The eyes in the experimental group underwent intravitreal injection of bevacizumab with the dosage of 2.5 mg/0.1 ml and 5.0 mg/0.2 ml of bevacizumab; the eyes in the experimental control group underwent intravitreal injection of normal saline with the same dosage as in the experimental group. Injections were performed every two weeks and lasted six weeks. Clinical observation and retinal function tests were performed before and two days after every injection. The eyes were sacrificed 1 week and 4 weeks after last intravitreal injection respectively.Electron and optical microscope and TUNEL were performed.Results After intravitreal injection,no obvious anterior chamber flare, abnormal change of the ocular fundus, or vitreous opacity and hemorrhage was observed in all of the eyes.No change was found by indirect ophthalmoscope,Bultrasonic inspection, ultrasound biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography. The number of anterior chamber flare before and after the injection with the dosage of 2.5 and 5.0 mg, the difference among the 3 groups didnprime;t differ much from each other (Pgt;0.05).Amplitude and pattern of ERG responses and flash VEP were similar between the control and experimental groups (Pgt;0.05). Some inflammatory cells were found in the some bevacizumabinjected eyes 1 week after injection, and vanished 3 weeks later. The histological configuration of the retina didnprime;t change in both experimental control and the control group. Electron microscopy showed that plasma cells were presented and vacuolelike change was observed in part of the photoreceptor cells in 5.0 mg experimental group 1 week after injections.Cellular apoptosis was observed in the photoreceptor cell layer. The number of apoptotic cells was more in 5.0 mg experimental group than that in the control and experimental control group 1 week after injections (Plt;0.01). Conclusion Multiintravitreal injection with 5.0 mg bevacizumab may have mild toxicity to the retina in the rabbits.
Objective To establishadatabase to fully investigate current situation of antiepileptic drugs among pregnant women with epilepsy in West China. Analyzing the epidemiological characteristics and correlated influence factors of anti-epileptic drugs use among women with epilepsy in this area to promote management quality for women with epilepsy.
Methods Adigital registration system was established with JAVA andastandard registration procedure was formulated. Standard registration was implemented in different levels of hospital of West China with regular follow-up.
Results Registration system about antiepileptic drugs among pregnant women with epilepsy in West China was successfully established, which wasadigital registration within local area network. Information about registration centre and pregnant women with epilepsy was collected in the West China registration network. And elementary database was successfully established.
Conclusion This is the first extensive and standard pregnancy register of antiepileptic drugs in China which meet the need of not only patient information management but also the development of academic subject.
PURPOSE: To investigate the treatment of severe bacterial endophthalmitis. METHODS:The curative effects of vitrectomy after intravitreal antibiotics and steroids (IVAS)for the treatment of 23 patients with bacterial endophthalmitis
(group I)and vitrectomy and IVA at the same time for the treatment of 28 patients with bacterial endopbthalmitis (group I)were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The rate of curative effects of two groups were similar,while the marked curative effects in group I (47.8% )was significantly higher than that of the group I (17.9%). The average period of eliminating infiamation of group I was longer than that of group I , and the incidence of postoperative retinal detachment of group Ⅱ was 3 times more than that of group I . CONCLUSION :It was indicated that vitrectomy after IVAS may increase the security of vitrectomy and the curative effects of severe bacterial ndophthalmitis.
