Healthcare-associated infections are common adverse events in healthcare settings, causing significant morbidity and mortality. There has been a significant increase in the commitment to Infection Prevention and Control worldwide in recent years. This important role and responsibilities are relying on the infection prevention and control practitioners (IPCPs). The competencies of IPCP is thus critical to the success of infection surveillance, prevention, and control program. IPCPs must ensure that they are competent in addressing the challenges they face and are equipped to be competent in fulfilling their duties. Core competencies and professional development of IPCP differ among countries while some are more progressive than the others. This review is aiming to be a reference to develop IPCP core competencies framework and professional development conducive for Asia Pacific region.
Objectives To analyze the effect of improved oven for defluorination in coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas in China, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of fluorosis. Methods Electronic databases including CNKI, CBM, VIP and CDMD-D (1989 to 2005), were searched. We also checked the reference lists of relevant articles. We selected relevant articles according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality was assessed . Data on room heat preservation and the effect of improved oven for defluorination were collected in the surveillance spots of Three Gorges Reservoir. Correlation analyses were conducted between the improved oven and its effect parameters. Results Twelve articles of low quality met the selection criteria, of which 9 were graded C and 3 were graded D in terms of the methodological quality. A negative correlation was found between the decreasing rate of normal oven use and the decreasing rate of dental fluorosis as well as of urine fluorine (Pearson correlation coefficient r = – 0.87, – 0.63, Plt;0.01, lt;0.05, respectively). Analysis also revealed a positive correlation between room heat preservation and the decreasing rate of dental fluorosis as well as of normal oven use (the two Spearman correlation coefficients and P values were the same: r = –1.00, Plt;0.01). Conclusion High-quality studies on the effect of improved oven for defluorination in China are not available. Based on the current evidence, the improved oven for defluorination and the correct use, maintenance and house rebuilding for heat preservation may help to prevent fluorosis.
Coronavirus disease 2019 has been widespread in Hubei province since the beginning of 2020. Many medical teams went to aid Hubei from the whole country. The medical team of West China Hospital of Sichuan University arrived in Jianghan district of Wuhan on January 25, 2020. As one of the earliest teams arriving Hubei, we explored the measures for infection prevention and control of resident, in order to reduce the risk for infection of medical team. The infection prevention and control experiences on the establishment of infection control team, process management, behavior management, clean disinfection, infection monitoring and emergency response and emergency response to exposure of the medical team of West China Hospital were summarized in this article.
Children with retinoblastoma (RB) typically survive their cancer due to advances in early diagnosis and treatment. Extraocular invasion and metastasis, and secondary malignant tumor carry a very high mortality rate. Prerequisites for metastasis include tumor initiating capacity, altered cellular adhesion and cell motility, resistance to extracellular death signals and disruption of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix. All those changes can be determined by the cell of origin and the genetic instability of the tumor, responding to the multiple layers of pressure such as hypoxia, from the tumor microenvironment or niche. The interaction between tumor cells and the tumor stroma is regulated by several metastasissuppressor proteins and microRNA. This knowledge has important implications for our understanding and the treatment of extraocular spreading of RB.
Objective To suggest the establishment a publication plan for emergency situations in order to better manage and control information to the outside environment based on the experience of front-line hospital of grade III level A in Deyang during the response to the Wenchuan earthquake. Method We systematically collected statistical information published in the forms of news, columns, newspapers, periodicals, statistics, brief massage sent out by China Telecom ans China Mobile and banners in various media (CCTV, Sichuan TV, and inside hospital etc.) after Wenchuan earthquake.Result Within 40 days after the Wenchuan Earthquake, the People’s Hospital of Deyang City had reported rescue information for 181 times, sent 1 600 000 phone messages to the public, issued 7 476 pieces of family-search information, distributed 1 486 earthquake first-aid brochures, distributed 1 750 psychological brochures, compiled 12 periodicals called “Special Report for Earthquake Relief Effort”, and finished 3 periodicals called “Special Issue for Earthquake Relief Effort”; issued 319 articles, over 200pictures and videos on websites inside and outside of the hospital; issued over 60 pieces of news and 7 special topic documentaries in CCTV etc.; and issued over 70 pieces of news on People’s Daily. Conclusion During the Wenchuan earthquake, the People’s Hospital of Deyang City shows the rescue work to the public via effective publication mechanisms. News and information is transmitted fast and effectively between people from both upper and lower levels. However, there are weaknesses in working mechanisms and methods, which requires further study and consideration.
Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemic characteristics and factors of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) to provide foundation and make prevention and treatment policy. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the current existing PTB prevention and control data in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhushan County and corresponding prevention and treatment policy was proposed. Results Since 1997 when PTB was included into B infectious diseases in Zhushan County, 4 431 cases of PTB had been reported by the end of 2009. Annual reported incidence rate was 74.73 per 100 000 and the disease was found in 17 towns. All seasons witnessed the incidence but winter and summer had more sufferer. The youngest patient was 4 months whereas the oldest was 86 years old. The majority of the patients were from 20 to 59 years old, peasants were the main patients, and the incidence of male was higher than that of female. The use of chemotherapy resulted in a significant decline of PTB death rate. Poor immunity of elder group, population flow caused by poverty, low detection rate of patients and AIDS were the major causes to PTB epidemic. A lack of prevention and treatment in the grassroots hospital and difficulty to fully implement the Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS) strategy in remote areas were also bottlenecks to PTB control process. Conclusion The followings should be performed to improve the quality of DOTS strategy implementation: strengthen the government’s commitment, provide policy and funding safeguard, conduct health education and health promotion widely, reinforce management according to the law, fully implement the DOTS strategy, and fortify the prevention and control construction.
Cancer prevention and control is an important healthcare task towards major diseases of the Chinese people and an important part of the “Healthy China 2030” plan outline. This article summarizes and introduces the current status and practical experience of subnational cancer prevention and treatment status in Yibin City and Ya’an City of Sichuan Province. Lung cancer, digestive system cancers, and cervical and breast cancers compose of the majority of cancers with high incidence. In the aspect of cancer epidemiology, there are certain disparities among cities and between urban and rural areas, among which the mortality risk of cancer in rural areas is higher. In Yibin and Ya’an cities, the specialized agencies and governance system for subnational cancer prevention and control are still in the early stage of development, and the background data such as cancer-specific survival rate, public awareness of core knowledge on cancer prevention and control, quality control of key techniques, and healthcare resources in subnational areas are still unclear. Therefore, all levels of cancer prevention and control need further strengthening the organizational leadership and system construction, and promoting the hierarchic healthcare and balanced development.
After more than 30 years of localized development of infection prevention and control in China, a prevention and control system in line with China’s conditions has been established. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic began, with the unprecedented attention paid to healthcare associated infection by health administrative departments at all levels, the awareness of infection prevention and control of various personnel has been continuously strengthened, which has promoted the cross-integration and development of infection prevention and control-related disciplines. However, under the normalized pandemic prevention and control, infection prevention and control work also faces enormous pressure and challenges. This paper summarizes the opportunities for infection prevention and control in the new era, analyzes the current challenges in the field of infection prevention and control, and aims to provide some ideas for the future development of infection prevention and control.
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of case-based learning combined with scenario exercise on nosocomial infection prevention and control training.MethodsClinical nursing students who entered the Department of Western & Traditional Chinese Medicine between September 2018 and November 2019 were selected. These students entered in groups. According to the entry number, the groups were divided into trial group and control group by odd or even numbers. The two groups of nursing students were trained by the infection prevention and control nursing group of the department to prevent nosocomial infection on the first day of entering the department. The trial group adopted case-based learning combined with scenario exercise, while the control group adopted traditional lecture-based learning. The two groups were compared by hand hygiene compliance rate, hand hygiene accuracy rate, clinical waste classification and disposal accuracy rate, occupational exposure, nosocomial infection prevention and control assessment scores, and teaching method satisfaction.ResultsA total of 63 nursing students from 10 groups were enrolled. There were 32 students from 5 groups in the control group and 31 students from 5 groups in the trial group. The hand hygiene compliance rate (χ2=8.434, P=0.004), clinical waste classification and disposal accuracy rate (χ2=4.196, P=0.041), nosocomial infection prevention and control assessment scores (t=3.145, P=0.003) and satisfaction scores of teaching methods (t=2.446, P=0.017) in the trial group were all higher than those in the control group. There was no occupational exposure in the trial group, but 1 case in the control group. The correct hand hygiene rates of the two groups were both 100%.ConclusionCase-based learning combined with scenario exercise can effectively improve the awareness of nosocomial infection prevention and control, improve the knowledge and skills of nosocomial infection prevention and control, improve the effectiveness of nosocomial infection prevention and control training, and increase the satisfaction of clinical teaching.
With the continuous development of medical technology, ambulatory surgery or day surgery is becoming a new and very efficient medical service model in China. However, infection prevention and control in ambulatory surgery center has not yet attracted the attention of infection control practitioners. This paper analyzes the necessity, status quo, and entry point of infection prevention and control work in ambulatory surgery centers. Recommendations in the field of risk assessment, engineering control, behavior management, surveillance, and antimicrobial stewardship are provided to infection control practitioners as well.
