Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality rates among malignant tumors both in China and worldwide, with approximately 85% of cases being non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, conventional imaging and tissue biopsy are often limited by insufficient sensitivity or invasive risks, making it difficult to meet the demands of future precision medicine. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI)-based radiomics and autoantibody-based liquid biopsy have developed rapidly and have become major research focuses. AI radiomics significantly improves the accuracy of traditional imaging diagnosis by autonomously learning from large-scale imaging databases. Autoantibody liquid biopsy, on the other hand, utilizes tumor-associated autoantigens and antibodies as biomarkers, offering the advantages of being non-invasive, precise, efficient, and capable of reflecting spatiotemporal tumor heterogeneity, thereby demonstrating great potential in NSCLC diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes recent research advances in autoantibody liquid biopsy and AI radiomics for the management of lung cancer.
