In recent years, a rapid development in non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have been witnessed in the field of rehabilitation. These techniques have gained significant attention from researchers in the field of brain dysfunction rehabilitation, holding great promise as a therapeutic modality to alleviate impairments in brain function. However, the efficacy of most NIBS treatment protocols often falls short of patients’ expectations in clinical practice. To address this gap, further research and practical efforts are necessary to delve into the mechanisms underlying NIBS effectiveness, devise strategies for enhancing efficacy, and address safety concerns associated with its application. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent research advancements of NIBS in the context of brain dysfunction. Moreover, it offers insights into future development trends, intending to serve as a valuable reference for studies investigating the effectiveness and safety of NIBS, while guiding appropriate clinical practices in rehabilitation.
