PURPOSES:To investigate the time of neuronie apoptosis in the retinas of Imman fetuses,and its relations with neuronie proliferation and differentiation, METHODS:The retinas of 27 human fetuses from 8th to 38th week of R,~til-
ization age and 3 adults were studied by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling(TUNEL) method.
RESULTS:Tbe nuctei of labeled apoptotic cells were charaeterised by nuclear marginization,ehromatln condensation and cleseent shape,and some
apoptotie bodies were visible in the specimens. The apoptosis of neuroepithelium of fetal rclina took place during 8th to 18th week, Apoptosis of ganglion cells were observed from 1256 to 18th week. The apoptos[s of pholorec, plors were formd from 14th to 2Ist week ,while thai of bipolar neurones and M~ller cells were found from ldth to 28th week. No apoptosb of ocstones were observed in the retinas after 28th week of fertilization age and within the retinas of adults.
CONCLUSION:The proliferating cells of neuroepithelium and Ihe neurones which just differetiated from fetal retina might partly undergo apoptosis. The time of apoptosls of differentiated neurones was consistent with the time of the synapses formation between neurones and their targel cells.
（Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13:67 -69 ）
Objective?To study the mid-facial development characteristics of the goats with cleft palate after in-utero surgical repair at different stages.?Methods?Twenty-four Boer hybrid female goats were selected, aged from 8 to 12 months and weighing from 35 to 55 kg. The mating day was designated for 0 day. At 30 days, pregnant was confirmed by B-ultrasound test, and the goats were divided into 5 groups (experimental groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and normal control group). Twenty pregnant goats of 4 experimental groups (n=5) were injected DL-anabasine (15 mg/day) from 31 to 42 days to establish cleft palate model of fetal lamb, 4 pregnant goats of normal control group used as controls without injection. At pregnant 65, 90, and 120 days, cleft palate was repaired in the uterus in experimental groups 1, 2, and 3, while cleft palate was not repaired in experimental group 4. After 1 month of birth, the maxillary bone width (posterior premolar morphological measurement, PPMM) and the maxillary bone length (anterior premolar morphological measurement, APMM) were measured with CT scanning. The dry skull of goats were harvested for gross observation.?Results?There was no significant difference in PPMM and APMM between experimental group 1 and the normal control group (P gt; 0.05), but there were significant differences between experimental groups 1 and 4 (P lt; 0.05) at 1 month after birth. Significant differences were oberved in PPMM and APMM between experimental group 2 and normal control group, experimental group 4 (P lt; 0.05). There were significant differences in PPMM between experimental group 3 and normal control group, experimental group 4 (P lt; 0.05), in APMM between experimental group 3 and normal control group (P lt; 0.05). Five goats with cleft palate in experimental group 4 died at 1-2 months after birth.?Conclusion?At pregnant 65 days, in-utero surgical repair of cleft palate has less influences on mid-facial development. The earlier repair is performed, the higher risk of miscarriage was.
ObjectiveTo investigate the early effectiveness of proximal femur reconstruction combined with total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the treatment of adult Crowe type Ⅳ developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).MethodsBetween May 2015 and March 2018, 29 cases (33 hips) suffering from Crowe type Ⅳ DDH were treated with proximal femur reconstruction combined with THA. Of the 29 cases, there were 6 males (7 hips) and 23 females (26 hips), aged from 24 to 74 years with an average age of 44.9 years. The preoperative Harris hip score was 44.0±12.0. Gait abnormalities were found in all of the 33 hips with positive Trendelenburg sign, and the lower limb discrepancy was (3.8±1.6) cm. Preoperative X-ray films and CT both indicated serious anatomical abnormalities, including complete dislocation of the affected hip with significant move-up of the greater trochanter, abnormal development of the femoral neck, abnormal anterversion angle and neck-shaft angle, dysplasia of proximal femur and dysplasia of medullary cavity. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, transfusion rate, and complications were recorded. The Gruen and DeLee-Charnley zoning methods were used to evaluate the aseptic loosening of the prosthesis on X-ray films. The Harris score was used to evaluate hip function. The lower limb discrepancy was calculated and compared with the preoperative value.ResultsThe operation time ranged from 80 to 240 minutes, with an average of 124.8 minutes. The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 165 to 1 300 mL, with an average of 568.4 mL. Seventeen patients (51.5%) received blood transfusion treatment. All the incisions healed by first intention without infection or deep vein thrombosis. All patients were followed up 19-53 months, with an average of 33 months. One patient had posterior hip dislocation because of falling from the bed at 4 weeks after operation, and was treated with manual reduction and fixation with abduction brace for 4 weeks, and no dislocation occurred during next 12-month follow-up. Two patients developed sciatic nerve palsy of the affected limbs after operation and were treated with mecobalamin, and recovered completely at 12 weeks later. Trendelenburg sign was positive in 3 patients and mild claudication occurred in 4 patients after operation. X-ray films showed that all the osteotomy sites healed at 3-6 months after operation, and no wire fracture was observed during the follow-up. The Harris score was 89.8±2.8 and lower limb discrepancy was (0.6±0.4) cm at last follow-up, both improved significantly (t=–22.917, P=0.000; t=11.958, P=0.000). The prosthesis of femur and acetabulum showed no obvious loosening and displacement, and achieved good bone ingrowth except 2 patients who had local osteolysis in the area of Gruen 1 and 7 around the femoral prosthesis, but no sign of loosening and sinking was observed.ConclusionThe treatment of Crowe Ⅳ DDH with proximal femur reconstruction and THA was satisfactory in the early postoperative period. The reconstruction technique of proximal femur can effectively restore the anatomical structure of proximal femur, which is one of the effective methods to deal with the deformity of proximal femur.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the common reproductive endocrine diseases in women in recent years. A large number of studies have found that serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome are significantly higher than those in normal women, especially in anovulatory patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. This article briefly introduces the relationship between follicular development, hyperandrogenemia, obesity, and insulin resistance in the pathological manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome and anti-Müllerian hormone, and the application of anti-Müllerian hormone in assisted reproduction, ovarian reserve and diagnosis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. It aims to provide a basis for better use of anti-Müllerian in the diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.
ObjectiveThe guideline is formulated to standardize the principles, procedures and methods of developing therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) guidelines and to promote open, transparent, scientific and credibility of the TDM guidelines.MethodsDivision of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Chinese Pharmacological Society established guideline working groups, declared and managed conflict of interest. The guideline working groups used the Delphi method to formulate the purpose and scope of the guideline and questions in PICO format, searched and synthesized evidence, integrated with Chinese actual situation and TDM characteristics to preliminarily develop recommendations for the guideline for TDM guideline development in China. Through internal discussion of the guideline working groups and external peer review, the content has been improved, and we eventually formulated the guideline suitable for guiding TDM related guidelines development.ResultsThe guideline provide suggestions for problems to be identified and solved in the planning, development, publishing and updating stages of TDM guidelines including forming guideline wording groups, planning guidelines, declaration and management of interests, formulating questions and selecting outcomes, preparing the planning proposal, retrieval and synthesis evidence, evaluating evidence, developing recommendations, drafting guidelines, external review, publishing and spreading guidelines, evaluating guidelines, and updating guidelines.ConclusionsThis guideline can provide methodological guidance and reference for the development of TDM guidelines.
ObjectiveTo review the role of microRNA (miRNA) in skin development and wound healing.
MethodsThe recent literature about miRNA in skin development and wound healing was reviewed and analyzed.
ResultsmiRNA extensively involved in the development of the skin,including epidermal cell proliferation,differentiation,aging and hair follicle development;miR-203 known as the "skin-specific miRNA" can directly inhibit the expression of p63 and promote the differentiation of the epidermis.Meanwhile,miRNA also involved in various stages of skin regeneration and wound healing.Abnormal expression of miRNA is closely related with abnormal wound healing.
ConclusionmiRNA play an important role in maintaining normal skin physiology and skin regeneration.To explore their roles in the healing of skin wounds and their regulatory mechanism can provide a new target for the treatment,which has a potential value and broad prospects.
ObjectiveTo summarize the application status and related progress of robot-assisted technology in general surgery.MethodThe related researches about robot-assisted technology in general surgery in recent year were searched and reviewed.ResultsRobot-assisted techniques had similar safety and effectiveness to endoscopic surgery in general surgery. In addition, in rectal cancer, thyroid and pancreatic surgery, due to the narrow operation space, the advantages of robot-assisted surgery was more obvious.ConclusionsThe application of robot-assisted techniques in general surgery is safe and effective. With the decrease of the cost of robotic surgery, which has wide application value in general surgery.
In order to better incorporate patient input in clinical trials, the US Food and Drug Administration has included "patient-focused drug development" in the selection and development of clinical outcome assessments, and formulated a series of guidelines. Based on the third guiding principle, "Selecting, Developing, or Modifying Fit-for-Purpose Clinical Outcome Assessments", this article summarizes the clinical outcome assessments from five aspects: concept, development process, scoring mechanism, interference factors and sensitivity, and introduces four different types of clinical outcome assessments, providing new ideas for "patient-focused drug development" efficacy evaluation in clinical trials.
【Abstract】 Objective Through a retrospective study, to observe the cl inical therapeutic effect for closed reductiontreatment of developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH), and to dynamically analyze characteristics of acetabular development after closed reduction in DDH. Methods A total of 100 single side DDH children who were treated by “the treatment mode of closed reduction” from January 2002 to December 2005 were followed up, including 18 males and 82 females, with the average age of 19.4 months (ranging from 7 months to 36 months). Sixty-eight patients had left side dislocation, while 32 had right side dislocation. According to Zionts dislocation grades, 15 cases were degree I, 50 degree II, 26 degree III and 9 degree IV. Adductor tenotomies and skeletal traction were carried out in 74 cases, while direct closed reduction was performed in 26 cases. The four-level functional evaluation criterion was used to assess the cl inical therapeutic effect. Lesional and homeochronous normal hips were paired, and acetabular index (AI) and AI (D/W) of lesional and normal hips, before the reduction and in the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month, respectively, after the reduction, were dynamically measured. Results The total choiceness rate of 100 children was 88.00%. Twelve months after the reduction, lesional AI decreased from (37.17 ± 2.17) o to (27.02 ± 3.54) o, while lesional AI(D/W) increased from 22.06% ± 1.65% to 29.80% ± 3.56%, and the differences among each time-point had statistical significance (P lt; 0.01). Both rates of lesional AI decrease and AI(D/W) increase were obviously faster than those of normal side physiological development (P lt; 0.01). In all durations after 12 months reduction, the rates of lesional AI were (3.22 ± 1.42) o and (3.41 ± 2.03) o in 1 - 3 months and 10 - 12 months , respectively, and the rates of AI(D/W) were 2.69% ± 1.83%and 2.33% ± 1.13%, respectively, and they were obviously faster than the other durations (P lt; 0.01). Both rates of lesional AI decrease and AI(D/W) increase were obviously faster than the homeochronous rate of normal side physiological development in each duration (P lt; 0.01). The rates of lesional AI were (13.71 ± 3.96) o and (11.48 ± 4.15) o in 7 - 12 age group and 13 - 18 age group, respectively, and the rates of AI(D/W) were 9.95% ± 3.81% and 8.28% ± 3.58%, respectively, and they wereobviously faster than the other age groups (P lt; 0.05). Both changes of lesional AI and AI(D/W) were obviously faster than the homeochronous changes of normal side in each age group(P lt; 0.01). Conclusion There are simple operating requirements and fine therapeutic effect of “the treatment mode of closed reduction” . Within 12-month after the closed reduction treatment, the rate of lesional acetabular development is obviously faster than that of normal side physiological development. The cresttime of lesional acetabular development is during 1 - 3 months and 10 - 12 months, and the best treatment time of closed reduction is the age before 18 months.
