Recently, many researchers paid more attentions to the association between air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Haze, a severe form of outdoor air pollution, affected most parts of northern and eastern China in the past winter. In China, studies have been performed to evaluate the impact of outdoor air pollution and biomass smoke exposure on COPD; and most studies have focused on the role of air pollution in acutely triggering symptoms and exacerbations. Few studies have examined the role of air pollution in inducing pathophysiological changes that characterise COPD. Evidence showed that outdoor air pollution affects lung function in both children and adults and triggers exacerbations of COPD symptoms. Hence outdoor air pollution may be considered a risk factor for COPD mortality. However, evidence to date has been suggestive (not conclusive) that chronic exposure to outdoor air pollution increases the prevalence and incidence of COPD. Cross-sectional studies showed biomass smoke exposure is a risk factor for COPD. A long-term retrospective study and a long-term prospective cohort study showed that biomass smoke exposure reductions were associated with a reduced decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and with a decreased risk of COPD. To fully understand the effect of air pollution on COPD, we recommend future studies with longer follow-up periods, more standardized definitions of COPD and more refined and source-specific exposure assessments.
ObjectiveTo summarize the advance of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1). MethodsLiteratures about the recent studies on the TREM-1 were reviewed. ResultsTREM1 was a mediator of inflammation. It could amplify the inflammation and lead to overexpression of inflammation in final. ConclusionTREM-1 is very important in development of many diseases and provide a new molecule target to cure.
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of t ransplantation of autologous peripheral blood stemcells ( PBSC) for the t reatment of lower limb arterial ischemic disease. Methods From March 2004 to February2007 , 16 patient s with severe lower limb arterial ischemic disease were t reated with autologous PBSC t ransplantation. Recombinated granulocytecolony stimulating factor ( G2CSF) was used to mobilize the proliferation of bonemarrow stem cells and then the stem cells were released into peripheral blood. Af ter 5 - 6 days , PBSC were collected by CS23000 PLUS blood2cells separator. Such concent rated stem cells fluid was int ramuscularly injected into theischemic areas of the lower limbs. Results The result s of 3 to 242month following2up after the t ransplantation ofstem cells showed that the resting pains of the affected limb were greatly relieved , and ulcers were healed. The distance and duration of intermittent limping became farther and longer. Conclusion Transplantation of autologousPBSC would be a novel and effective method for the t reatment of arterial ischemic disease. However , this method isstill at the stage of initial clinical application , so it still need to be further studied.
OBJCTIVE :To investigate the fundus ocu]i changes in hypnxie isehemic encepbalnpa
ally(HIE)of new[x,rns. METHODS:One hundred and two newblt;~rns suffered from HIE were investi-
gated to observe lhe pathological neular fundus changes by di~et ophthabnoseopy after mydria~s. RE-
SULTS:Seventy seven ca.~s(154 eyes)were found to have ophthalmoscopic changes in the ~ular fundi
including papilledema .white retina vaseolar abnormality and hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS:In clinical
view .the severity of HIE depends on the pathological ebanges of the brain .and ftmdus ahnormalby will
be very often in middle and .~vere sufforers of HIE.
摘要:目的:應用區域阻抗法測定慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者的肺血流灌注及肺通氣分布的變化,與放射性核素肺顯像方法比較,探討肺區域阻抗方法的臨床應用價值。 方法: 測定對象為18例中重度COPD患者,均為男性,平均年齡63.8歲,應用肺區域阻抗法及放射性核素法,分別測定肺血流灌注及肺通氣的分布。〖HTH〗結果〖HTSS〗: 本研究發現肺區域阻抗法在測定肺血流灌注分布方面,僅在左下肺區域高于核素法測得的數值(Plt;0.05),余肺區測定結果相近,無顯著差異。在肺通氣的測定方面,阻抗法所得數值與核素法測得的數值有一定的不同,在左上、右上區域高于核素法測得的數值,在左中肺區測得的數值低于核素法測得的數值(Plt;0.05),余肺區測定結果相近,無顯著差異。結論: 雖然目前區域阻抗方法暫不能取代放射性核素的測定,但作為一種輔助手段,可簡便、快速了解肺內的通氣、血流等生理病理改變。Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the clinical capability of regional electric impedance pneumograph and scintigraphy in measurement of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation in patients with COPD. Methods: Thirtytwo patients with different respiratory diseases underwent regional electric impedance pneumograph and scintigraphy, the pulmonary perfusion and ventilation were obtained and recorded. Results:The pulmonary perfusion results got by regional electric impedance pneumograph in the left lower region was lower than the results measured by scintigraphy, there were significant difference (Plt;0.05), and no difference in other pulmonary region. The pulmonary ventilation results got by regional electric impedance pneumograph in the both upper region were higher and in the left middle region were lower than the results measured by scintigraphy, there were significant difference(Plt;0.05), and no difference in other pulmonary region. Conclusion:The result got by regional electric impedance pneumograph could not replace the result got by scintigraphy at present, but this is a quick, simple,and convenient measurement to get parameter of the pulmonary perfusion and ventilation.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical management of the familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR)-associated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).
MethodsRetrospective noncomparative case series. Thirty-three eye of 32 patients were diagnosed FEVR-associated RRD by Fluorescein fundus angiography. There were 26 males and 6 females. The male to female ratio is 4.3:1 with an average age of 19.35±8.83 years. The detection of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction status, fundus photograph and fluorescein fundus angiography(FFA)were underwent in all patients. FEVR was confirmedby FFA and positive family history. The BCVA, refraction status, morphology of retinal detachment, location, size and shape of retinal hole, presence and grade of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and subretinal proliferation were recorded.
ResultsAs for the refractive status, the scope of refraction was +2.0 D to-13.0 D andthe BCVA were range from light perception to 0.7. Atrophy holes which located at the temporal half were responsible for retinal detachment in all cases. Besides, horseshoe tears were noted in 6 eyes (18.18%), while macular tears were noted in 2 eyes of RRD (6.06%). The PVR greater than stage C2 was noticed in 10 eyes (30.30%), while subretinal proliferation was presented in 23 eyes (69.70%).
ConclusionsMale predominance, juvenile onset and associated with moderate to high myopia are the main characteristics in FEVR-associated RRD. Atrophy holes at the temporal half and the subretinal proliferations were most commonly in FEVR-associated RRD. Detailed fuduns and FFA examination of the fellow eye should be undergone to avoid misdiagnosis.
ObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic efficacy of Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) in malnutrition of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in outpatient department. MethodsOne hundred and five elderly outpatients with COPD were enrolled in the study, and their nutritional screening was carried out. The clinical and laboratory parameters of patients in the normal nutrition group (high GNRI group) and malnutrition group (low GNRI group) were compared, and the correlation analysis was conducted. The diagnostic efficacy of GNRI was evaluated based on the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST). ResultsThe prevalence of malnutrition was high in COPD elderly outpatients. The prevalence of malnutrition in group D was 61.8%. There were significant differences between the two groups in body mass index, serum albumin, FEV1 percentage in the predicted value, 6-minute walk distance, and the number of acute exacerbations in the past year. GNRI was significantly related to the above parameters. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of GNRI were 81.8%, 83.6% and 82.9%, using MUST as the standard. ConclusionGNRI can be used for nutritional screening of COPD patients in elderly outpatients, which is simple, convenient and relatively accurate, and can be popularized in other medical institutions.
Objective To investigate the relationship between human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-B51 and Behcet′s disease (BD) with uveities. Methods HLA-A and HLA-B antigen of 27 pateints with BD and 30 healthy persons were detected by microly mphocyte toxicity asssay. HLA-B51 allele (HLA-B5101-B5107) in BD patients with positive HLA-B51 antigen and the controls was detected by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer(PCR-SSP). Results The positive rate of HLA-B51 was 63% and 16.7% in BD patients and the controls, respectively (χ2=12.9, P＜0.001, Pc＜0.05,RR=8.5). Uveities was found in 11 out of 27 BD patients with uveitis. No relativity was found between HLA-B51 and uveitis in BD patients(RR=2.07,χ2=0.759,P＞0.25),and weak association was found between HLA=B5101 and uveitis (RR=2.67, χ2=1.395, P＞0.10). Conclusions HLA-B51 might be a susceptible gene for BD, and there was a weak association between HLA-B51(HLA-B5101) and BD patients with uveitis.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：203-205)
ObjectiveTo summarize the occurrence of anal fistula in Crohn disease (CDAF) accompanying with preoperative rectal stenosis and analyze its influencing factors. Meanwhile to explore the effect of improved anal sphincter retention virtual-hanging (hereafter this text will be abbreviated as virtual-hanging) for treatment of CDAF. MethodsThe CDAF patients admitted to the Third People’s Hospital of Bengbu from January 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively collected, who were treated with virtual-hanging. Meanwhile the multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for accompanying with preoperative rectal stenosis and which were used to establish a decision tree model by Chi squared automatic interaction detection method. ResultsA total of 234 patients with CDAF were collected, and the incidence of accompanying with preoperative rectal stenosis was 22.2% (52/234). The multivariate logistic regression analysis found that the patients with preoperative proctitis, Montreal subtype B2, fistula located above the musculi levator ani (MLA), single fistula accompanied by branches or multiple fistulas, lymphocyte count (Lym) ≥6.03×109/L, platelet count (PLT) ≥0.61×109/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ≥39.11 mm/h, C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥5.13 mg/L, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) ≥313.26 ng/L had higher probability of accompanying with preoperative rectal stenosis (P<0.05). For the patients with or without preoperative rectal stenosis, the CD activity index score and perianal CD activity index score, and anal resting pressure all showed decreasing trends after treatment with the virtual-hanging, and the anal maximal contraction pressure showed a increasing trend as compared to before treatment. The decision tree consisted 18 nodes and 9 terminal nodes. The gain map of the decision tree model gradually increased from 0% to 100%; The index chart maintained a high level starting from 198% and then rapidly decreased to 100%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the decision tree model was 0.852 [95%CI (0.821, 0.908)], with a sensitivity of 84.35% and a specificity of 82.33%. ConclusionsThe incidence of accompanying with preoperative rectal stenosis in patients with CDAF is relatively higher. The effect of virtual-hanging for treatment of CDAF is better. For patients with preoperative proctitis, Montreal subtype B2, fistula above the MLA, single fistula accompanied by branches or multiple fistulas, and higher Lym, PLT, ESR, CRP, and BNP, attention should be paid to their accompanying with preoperative rectal stenosis. The decision tree model based on these factors to distinguish whether accompanying with preoperative rectal stenosis is better.
The choice of genetic models was main difficulty in the meta-analysis of gene-disease association studies. In this study, we made a further discussion about the genetic model-free approach that proposed by Minelli et al. The program that coded by JAGS and R was carried out to perform the Bayesian procedure. In a real example, several kinds of prior distribution were used, including non-informative prior distribution and external clinical prior information. Especially, compared to Minelli’s study, we introduced clinical prior information. The results indicated that the pooled results were rather robust no matters the prior distribution were non-informative or informative, especially when the number of included studies were large.
