Purpose
To investigate the expression of intercellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and Mac-1，in epiretinal membanes (ERM) of eyes wi th proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)．
Methods
Twenty epiretinal membranes were obtained from eyes undergone vitrectomy for retinal detachment complicated with PVR and observed by immunohistochemical examination．
Results
Expressions of ICMA-1 and Mac-1 were observed in 18 and 15 membranes respectively．Expression of both adhesion molecules in 12 membranes．
Conclusion
The findings indicate that adhesion molecules might be involved in the development of PVR．
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2000，16：71-138)
Objective
To investigate the relationship of clinical indexes between retinopathy in systemic-lupus-erythematosus （SLE）nephritis and SLE，and to discuss its clinical significance.
Method
The clinical data of 43 cases of SLE nephritis with ocular fundus diseases were retrospectively analyzed.The relationships between retinopathy and kidney defect，general lesions，SLEDAI grade，antinuclear antibody （ANA），anti-double stranded DNA，complement 3 and antiphospholipid antibodies were analyzed with Logistic regression respectively.
Results
In 86 eyes of the43paitents，there were retinal cotton wool spots in51eyes（59.3%），edema of optic disk in 43 eyes（50.5%），retinal haemorrhage in 12 eyes（14.0%），retinal artery occlusion in 5 eyes（5.8%），central retinal vein occlusion in 2 eyes（2.3%），retinal detachment in 3 eyes（3.5%），optic atrophy in 2 eyes（2.3%），and neovascularization in 2 eyes（2.3%）.Logistic regression analysis revealed that SLEDAI grade had linear dependent relation with cotton wool spots and optic disk edema（chi;2=42.154，6.498;P＜0.001），and didnrsquo;t have any correlation with proteinuria，hematuria and kidney function.Linear relation between retinal vascular occlusion and antiphospholipid antibodies was found（chi;2=24.475，P＜0.001）.Retinal haemorrhages，retinal detachment，optic atrophy and neovascularization did not correlate with clinical features.
Conclusion
SLEDAI grade had linear dependent relation with cotton wool spots and optic disk edema in patients with SLE nephritis，and Linear relation between retinal vascular occlusion and antiphospholipid antibodies is ascertained. Ocular fundus diseases are clinically important for evaluating the therapeutic responses and prognosis in lupus nephritis.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 239-241)
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristic of ocular fundus complications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods In 25 cases of SLE with the ocular fundus complications, the ocular fundus, the other ocular tissues, general lesions，and antinuclear antibody (ANA ), anti-double-stranded DNA（anti-dsDNA）, complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4)and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) were analyzed retrospectively. Results In the 25 cases, “classic” SLE retinopathy in 15 (25 eyes), retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in 9 (12 eyes), RVO combined with retinal arter y occlusion in 1 (2 eyes), exudative retinal detachment in 1 (2 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage combined with neovascular glaucoma in 1 (1 eye), and optic discedem a except RVO in 3 (6 eyes) were found. Nine cases accompanied with other ocular signs and 21 with general lesions. Positive ANA and anti-dsDNA and elevated ESR in all of the patients, decreasing C3 in 19, and C4in 17 were found.Conclusions SLE can cause serious ocular fundus complications accompanied with other ocular signs. Regular ophthalmic examination should be performed on the patients with SLE to detect and treat the ocular complications promptly. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：206-208)
ObjectiveTo study morphological characteristics and microRNA (miR) expression profiling in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR).
MethodsHealthy C57BL/6J female mice and pups were randomly divided into normal and OIR group at postnatal day 7 (P7). The normal group was raised in a conventional cage and exposed to room air for 10 days. The OIR group was raised in a sealed chamber and exposed to (75±2)% oxygen. The moms were alternated between the two groups every day to promote their survival under hyperoxia. The OIR group was returned to the room air at P12. At P17, mice from either group were retro-orbitally injected with high molecular weight fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran), the eye balls were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and the retinal whole mounts were prepared. The retinal vessels labeled with FITC-dextran were observed under a fluorescence microscope; the eye balls were also processed for paraffin sections and Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. The cell nucleus in the newly-formed vessels beyond the inner limiting membrane was quantified. The miR was extracted from the eyes, reverse transcribed, and subjected to a customized miR array analysis. The real-time PCR was preformed to verify the results of the miR array.
ResultsRetinal whole mounts labeled with FITC-dextran showed that the peripheral retinal microvessels in the OIR group were tortuous, disorganized with neovascular buds, and the avascular area was prominent in central retina. In contrast, the vessels were smooth, organized, and evenly distributed in the retinas of normal group. The percentage of avascular area in total retina area in OIR group (25.81±2.12)% was 4-fold that in normal group (6.57±3.6)% (P < 0.01, normal group vs OIR group). H & E staining showed that the number of the cell nuclei beyond inner limiting membrane was (28.41±4.01) in OIR retina, which was substantially higher than that (0.16±0.31) in normal retina (P < 0.01, normal group vs OIR group). More interestingly, the results of miR array showed that 21 out of the 80 miRs examined exhibited more than 1.5-fold changes at expression level. Among these 21 miRs, 9 were up-regulated, 12 were down-regulated; 4 miRs showed more than 3-fold expression changes, 3 were down-regulated and 1 was up-regulated. The expression of the 4 miRs was verified by real-time PCR. The expression trends of miR-3078, miR-140, miR-29b and miR-29c were consistent with those revealed by the miR array. MiR-3078 was significantly up-regulated (t=-2.380, P < 0.05. normal group vs OIR group), and the other 3 miRs were significantly down-regulated (t=2.638, 2.323, 2.415, P < 0.05. normal group vs OIR group).
ConclusionsThe OIR mouse model has been established in our study. Differential expression of the microRNAs, including miR-3078, 140, 29b and 29c, was detected in normal and OIR mouse retinas. These miR expression changes may be associated with retinal neovascularization. These results would provide the new leads for further studying pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets for neovascular retinopathy.
Objective To observe the clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with retinopathy.Methods Ninety-seven SLE patients were enrolled in this comparative clinical study. The patients were divided into retinopathy group (positive group, 32 eyes of 23 patients) and non-retinopathy group (negative group, 148 eyes of 74 patients). The age, course of disease, clinical features, laboratory results in these two groups were comparatively analyzed.Results The positive rate of retinopathy in all SLE patients was 23.7%. Seventeen patients (22 eyes, 73.9%) of positive group had retinal cotton-wool spot, retinal hemorrhage, tortuous retinal vein, retinal arterial spasm, microaneurysm and hard exudates. The other six patients (10 eyes, 26.1%) in this group showed retinal main vessel occlusion. The incidence rate of rash, cutaneous vasculitis, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), decreased complement C3 and positive anti double stranded-DNA (anti-ds-DNA) antibody in the positive group were higher than those in the negative group (chi;2=9.206, 6.987, 7.824, 8.581, 6.599;P＜0.05). There was no significant difference between these two groups in age, course of disease, mucosal ulcers, arthritis, fever, headache, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, proteinuria, elevated blood urea nitrogen, increased creatinine, positive antinuclear (ANA) and anti-Sm antibodies (t=0.321, 0.063;chi;2=0.135, 0.046, 0.176, 0.002, 0.036, 0.113, 0.053,0.032,0.012,0.000,0.004;P＞0.05). Conclusions Tortuous retinal veins, retinal cotton-wool spots and retinal main vessels occlusion are the three major fundus features of SLE patient with retinopathy. Rash, cutaneous vasculitis, increased ESR, decreased complement C3 and positive anti-ds-DNA antibody are the five major systemic clinical features of SLE patient with retinopathy.
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is one of the exudative maculopathy, which is characterized by retinal pigment epithelium detachment, subretinal hemorrhages and sensory retinal detachment. The prevalence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) reached 33.5% in neovascular age related macular degeneration (AMD) for Chinese population. Indocyanine green angiography showed a single or multiple focal nodular areas of hyperfluorescence arising from the choroidal circulation and currently is recognized a gold standard for diagnosis of PCV. The histopathologic findings indicated that hyalinization of choroidal vessels, like arteriosclerosis. Up to now there is no reliable evidence to demonstrate the difference in genetic study. The study of environment factor showed hypertension is associated with PCV closely than with AMD. PCV and AMD is different genotype or different phenotype as well as difference in pathogenesis need further studies.
Objective
To investigate the nature of the suprachoroidal fluid by detecting the concentration of total protein (TP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (CHOL), total bilirubin (TBIL) in suprachoroidal liquid of patients who have rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with choroid detachment (RRDCD).
Methods
Eighteen RRDCD patients (18 eyes) who underwent vitrectomy were enrolled in this study. There were 10 males (10 eyes) and 8 females (8 eyes), 8 right eyes and 10 left eyes. There were 8 patients with age of ≤55 years, 10 patients with age of ＞55 years. There were 7 patients with duration of ≤30 days, 11 patients with duration of ＞30 days. There were 7 eyes with diopters of ≥?6.0 D, 11 eyes with diopters of ＜?6.0 D. There were 11 eyes with class C proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), 7 eyes with class D PVR. Suprachoroidal fluid samples were collected from all the patients, and took preoperative serum samples as RRDCD group. Ten serum samples of normal people were set as control group. The concentration of TP, LDH, ALB, CHOL, TBIL in all the subjects were measured. The properties of the suprachoroidal fluid were identified by Light standard and concentration standard of ALB, CHOL, TBIL.
Results
There was no difference on the concentration of TP, LDH, ALB, CHOL, TBIL from suprachoroidal fluid samples in the patients with different age, sex, eyes, diopter, PVR grade (P＞0.05). There was no difference on the concentration of TP, LDH, ALB, CHOL, TBIL from preoperative serum samples in the patients between RRDCD group and control group (P＞0.05). There was no difference on the concentration of ALB and CHOL from suprachoroidal fluid samples and preoperative serum samples in the RRDCD patients (P＞0.05), but there were significant differences on the concentration of TP, LDH, TBIL (P＜0.05). According to the Light standard, there were 17 cases of exudates and 1 case of transudate. According to the concentration standard of ALB, CHOL and TBIL, there were 14, 18, and 16 cases of exudates, and 4, 0, and 2 cases of transudate, respectively. There was no difference on the identification result of Light standard and concentration standard of ALB, CHOL, TBIL (χ2=2.090, 1.029, 0.364; P＞0.05).
Conclusion
The suprachoroidal fluid of RRDCD patients composed of TP, LDH, CHOL and TBIL. The suprachoroidal fluid is more likely to be exudate.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of the age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) A69S polymorphism and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and to explore the distribution of risk allele in PCV and exudative age-related macular degeneration (wAMD).
MethodsThis is a systemic review and meta-analysis. A literature research was performed in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, Chinese national Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Medicine Database by the key words of "ARMS2, LOC387715, A69S, rs10490924, age related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, single nucleotide polymorphism". Case-control studies were included, while review, case report, or systemic reviews were excluded. The latest one of multiple articles was included only which published by the same group. The results of individual studies were pooled using the software Review Manager 5.1.4, and the correlation between allele frequencies, genotype and phenotype were analyzed.
ResultsA total of 14 articles, consisting 2007 PCV patients, 1308 wAMD patients and 3286 controls were recruited. The pooled odds ratio (OR) in random-effects models for genotype TT versus wild homozygous genotype GG is 5.20 (95% CI: 3.90-6.95). Heterozygous genotype GT mildly increased the risk in affecting PCV, and the OR of GT versus GG is 1.85 (95% CI: 1.42-2.40. The frequency of T allele in wAMD was higher than in PCV, pool OR=1.60 (95% CI: 1.31-1.96).
ConclusionsThe ARMS2 A69S variant is associated with PCV. Genotypes of TT and GT had an effect in increasing the risk of PCV, and the effect is even greater in genotype of TT. T allele had an effect in increasing the risk of PCV and wAMD, and the risk for wAMD is slightly greater than for PCV.
Objective To observe the expression of alpha;A-and alpha;B-in retina after blue-light exposure.Methods Forty female Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups:control group,and blue-light exposure for 6,12,and 24 hours groups, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the control group were not intervened.The other three groups of rats were exposed to blue fluorescent lights for 6,12,and 24 hours respcetively. Then the rats were kept in darkness for 12 hours. The globes were enucleated after anaesthesia.The immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of alpha;A and alpha;B-crystallin in retina.Results The absorbance value (A value) of retina alpha;A-crystallin was 1.40573plusmn;0.70748 in the control group, and were 4.317 51plusmn;0.412 97, 7.397 08plusmn;1.947 90, 9.634 32plusmn;2.377 61, respectively in the other 3 groups; the difference among the groups was significant (F=24.569，P＜0.001). The A value of retina alpha;B-crystallin is 0.129 36plusmn;0.033 93 in the control group, and were 0.507 17plusmn;0.117 55, 7.345 43plusmn;2.292 97, 4.042 26plusmn;3.890 23, respectively in the other 3 groups; the difference among the groups was significant（F=40.102，P＜0.001）. The results of Western blot showed that the expression of alpha;A and alpha;B crystallin in groups with bluelight exposure was obviously higher than that in the control group.Conclusions Blue light may up-regulate the expression of alpha;A-and alpha;B-crystallin in ratsprime; retina.
Objective
To investigate the clinical characteristics and mechanisms of ocular manifestations
related to carotid artery stenosis.
Methods
The general clinic data and related ocular manifestations in 124 patients with
carotid artery stenosis were retrospectively.
Results
In the 124 patients, 36 (29%) had ocular manifestations, and 28 (22. 6 %)
complained the ocular discomfort as the first symptom. Among the 36 patients,
31 patients (86.1%) had been disclosed unilateral or double stenosis of internal
carotid artery by carotid Doppler ultrasound examination, and the result of digital subtract angiography revealed middle and severe degree of internal carotid artery stenosis in 8 and 23 patients respectively. There was no statistic difference of incidence of ocular manifestations between 67 patients of severe internal carotid artery stenosis and 34 patients with middle one（chi;２test,P =0.266 2，P＞0.05). The ocular manifestations included amaurosis fugax (52.8%),acute decline or loss of the visual ability and defect of visual fields (36.1%), binocular diplopia (13.9%), ptosis (13.9%), and persistent high intraocular pressure(2.8%) one patient might had several ocular manifestations simultaneously. In 36 patients, central retinal artery occlusion had been diagnosed in 4, venous stasis retinopathy in 1,central or branch retinal vein occlusion in 6, neovascular glaucoma in 1, and anterior ischemic opticneuropathy in 2. One patient with double occlusion of internal carotid artery didnrsquo;t have any ocular manifestation.
Conclusion
Carotid artery stenosis, especially internal carotid artery may lead to acute or
chronic ocular ischemic lesions, and the occurrence of ocular manifestations in
chronic ocular ischemic lesions relates to compensa tion of collateral circulation；patients with ocular ischemic lesions are recomm end to undergo a routine carotid artery examination.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006,22:376-378)
