Objective To explore the source and distribution of patients with multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) acquired (infections/colonizations) outside the hospital and to provide a reference for guiding proactive interventions for nosocomial transmission of MDROs. Methods Bacterial culture results and clinical data of patients newly admitted to Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital of Capital Medical University & Nanchong Central Hospita1 were retrospectively investigated between January 1st 2022 and December 31st 2023. The types of MDROs infections/colonizations, patient sources, and triple distributions of patients with nosocomial acquisition of MDROs were analyzed. Results A total of 293 patients with 308 infections/colonizations were investigated in the extranocomial infection of MDROs, 198110 newly admitted patients during the same period, and the total case rate of extranocomial infection of MDROs was 0.155% (308/198110). Among them, the case rate of extranocomial infection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (0.062%) and carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (0.044%) were higher than those of other types of bacteria. The case rate of extranocomial infection of MDROs was statistically significant in terms of the distribution of the route of admission, gender of the patient, age of the patient, department of admission, and time of admission (P<0.001); The distribution of patients with extranocomial infection of various types of MDROs was correlated with admission route, patient age, and admission department (P<0.001), and the associations with patient gender and admission time were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions The total case rate of extranocomial infection of MDROs in the institution was at a relatively low level, and conducting large-scale active screening has certain limitations. Active screening factors should be considered in a comprehensive manner to capture differences in epidemiological characteristics of patients with extranocomial infection of MDROs, and targeted prevention and intervention should be carried out to achieve a reduction in infections from MDROs in hospitals.
Objective To analyze the detection results of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against eight respiratory pathogens, and to investigate the pathogen distribution characteristics in patients with acute respiratory infection-related symptoms in the local region, thereby providing reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as surveillance of key populations. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the IgM test data for respiratory pathogens from patients admitted to People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region between January and December 2024. Patients of different genders, age groups, and months were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 9473 patients were included. Among them, there were 5006 males (52.84%) and 4467 females (47.16%). The overall detection rate of respiratory pathogens was 45.38% (4 299/9 473). Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) IgM showed the highest positivity rate (26.89%), followed by influenza A virus (Flu A) (10.01%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (6.15%). The IgM positivity rates for MP and Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) were significantly higher in female patients than in males (P<0.05). Significant differences in IgM detection rates were observed across different age groups for Flu A, influenza B virus, adenovirus, coxsackievirus B, RSV, MP, and CP (P<0.05). The MP detection rate decreased with increasing age, while Flu A infection primarily affected individuals aged 45 years and older. In terms of temporal distribution, higher positivity rates for respiratory pathogens were mainly observed from April to December. The MP IgM positivity rate remained consistently higher than that of other pathogens from March to November, whereas Flu A IgM positivity rates peaked in January and December. Conclusions The predominant respiratory pathogens are MP, Flu A, and RSV, a profile consistent with the overall national trend. The distribution of some pathogens varies by gender, age and time.
