Objective To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics and trends of newly reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in Panzhihua Central Hospital, and provide a scientific basis for general hospitals to formulate precise prevention and control measures. Methods The information such as gender, age, ethnicity, and transmission route of the newly reported HIV/AIDS patients in Panzhihua Central Hospital from 2010 to 2019 was retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 551545 patients were screened for HIV in Panzhihua Central Hospital between 2010 and 2019, among them, 1091 patients were confirmed as HIV infection finally, with a confirmed positive rate of 0.20%. The number of confirmed cases and the positive rate continued to increase from 2010 to 2017, and obviously declined after 2018. The male to female ratio of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients was 2.86∶1, and the 31-45 years old middle-aged and young adults were the majority (31.16%). The majority of HIV/AIDS patients were identified as married (58.02%), primary school education (40.70%), farmers (46.38%), and Han nationality (79.84%). Yi nationality also had a high proportion (18.52%) with an increasing trend year by year (χ2trend=8.131, P=0.004). Yi nationality patients were mainly from Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (58.42%). A high proportion of 50.32% of patients came from other cities, among them, the proportion of patients from Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture increased over time (χ2trend=13.608, P<0.001). The transmission routes were mainly through heterosexual sex (90.93%), with an upward tendency of proportion (χ2trend=22.137, P<0.001), and transmission through drug abuse was following (4.49%), with an downward tendency of the proportion (χ2trend=11.758, P=0.001). Significant differences in transmission routes were observed between males and females (P=0.020), and between Han nationality and Yi nationality (P<0.001). Conclusion The newly repored HIV/AIDS patients in Panzhihua Central Hospital have a high proportion of minority nationality, and heterosexual transmission is the main transmission route.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection mainly attacks the human immune system, causing a variety of opportunistic infections and tumors, among which neoplastic diseases are serious and life-threatening. In recent years, with the popularization of highly effective anti-retroviral virus, the disease spectrum of HIV infected people has changed greatly, the incidence of non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related tumors has increased significantly, and the diagnosis rate of esophageal cancer patients with HIV/AIDS has also increased. However, there is no consensus on how to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer patients with HIV/AIDS. This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer patients with HIV/AIDS.
During the critical period of global cancer epidemiological transition, the American Cancer Society (ACS) recently published "Cancer Statistics, 2026" on the projected cancer data in the United States. To objectively evaluate the differences in cancer control systems between China and the United States, we compared the actual data of 2022 from National Cancer Center of China (NCC) with the latest the United States data. The mortality-to-incidence (M/I) ratio was used as the core indicator to evaluate clinical diagnosis and screening efficiency, and the Joinpoint regression trends from the source reports were analyzed. In addition, a sensitivity analysis model was built to adjust for the differences in the proportion of death-certificate-only (DCO) cases and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on China's 2022 cancer screening data. There is a significant contrast in the epidemiological characteristics of cancer between China and the United States in terms of cancer species composition and overall prognosis, which essentially reflects the differences in the epidemiological history of the two countries. This also suggests that in the future, China's cancer prevention and control strategies should shift towards precise hierarchical management to further narrow the gap in health efficacy.
