The 12th Asian Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology (ACPE) has been successfully held from October 11st to 13rd, 2019 in Kyoto, Japan. More than 600 representatives from 33 countries and regions participated in the meeting. The arrangement of this conference mainly included: education session program, contributed papers report, symposium and poster presentation, which provided good opportunity for participants to communicate. Moreover, it promoted the dissemination and utilization of advanced methods and technologies of global pharmacoepidemiology, especially in Asia region, and provided technical support in order to ensure the safety and efficacy of public. Moreover, it was the first time that the symposium on herbal and Traditional Medicines has been set up in the ACPE. This paper introduced the main details of the contents
Objective To analyze the clinical information of COVID-19 patients of Shanghai National Exhibition and Convention Center cabin hospital, and to explore the medical management strategy to provide thoughtful suggestions for other cabin hospitals and governments as valuable references. Methods The clinical data of 174 308 patients confirmed COVID-19 in Shanghai National Exhibition and Convention Center cabin hospital from April 9 to May 31, 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 103 539 male and 70 769 female patients, with an average age of 41.50±15.30 years. Medical and nursing management strategy was summarized. Results Among the 174 308 patients, 71.5% (124 630 patients) were asymptomatic. The vaccination rate of patients with COVID-19 in the cabin hospital was 76.5% (133 338 patients), and the majority of none vaccinated patients were children under the age of 10 years and the elderly over the age of 60 years, the vaccination rate of whom was only 25.0% (1 322 patients) and 63.9% (13 715 patients), respectively. In addition, the proportion of mild symptom type in the patients not vaccinated was significantly higher than that in the vaccinated patients (P≤0.01). The average hospitalization time of patients in cabin hospital was 7.39±0.53 days, which was 7.01±2.12 days for patients under 60 years and 8.21±0.82 days for patients over 60 years. The hospitalization time of elderly patients was significantly longer (P≤0.01), and the hospitalization time of elderly patients at age over 60 years without vaccination was 8.94±1.71 days, which was significantly longer than the average hospitalization time and the time of elderly patients vaccinated (P≤0.01). The number of patients combined with basic diseases was 27 864 (16.0%), of which cardiovascular diseases accounted for 81.3% (22 653 patients). A total of 2 085 patients were transferred and treated in designated hospitals. Conclusion Large scale cabin hospitals are helpful to cut off the source of infection. Attention shall be paid to the sorting of admission and timely transfer to other hospital during the patients management. Most of the patients have a good prognosis after treatment. The vaccination of key population and community-based screening will be the next step of focus.
Objective To estimate the prevalence rate and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rural residents in Changzhi. Methods With the help of an established resident health data, a epidemiology study was performed on 63 409 residents (ge;15 years old) in the rural area of Changzhi; while the standard of diagnosis of diabetes was in accordance with the standard made by WHO in 1997. Diabetes was diagnosed in 2632 residents, and these patients underwent the investigation and examination including the disease history, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, visual acuity, ocular diseases and intraocular pressure. The standard of DR was drawn according to the diagnosis standard made by Chinese Ocular Fundus Diseases Society, Chinese Ophthalmological Society, Chinese Medical Association in 1985. The data was statistically analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results A total of 57 500 residents underwent the examination with the participating rate of 90.68%; 2632(4.58%) were diagnosed as with diabetes, in whom 986 were with DR (with DR prevalence of 37.46%). The duration of diabetes was the independent risk factor of DR (r=0.210,P＜0.001). The duration of diabetes and combined with hypertension were the influence factors of the development of DR. The visual acuity in residents with or without DR differed significantly（P＜0.01）. The level of HbA1c was positively related to DR. Conclusions The incidence of DR is high in residents with diabetes in eastern countryside area of Changzhi. The duration of diabetes and combined with hypertension were the influence factors of the development of DR. The level of HbA1c may be the important indicator which can monitor the occurrence and development of DR in patients with diabetes.
ObjectiveTo investigate and analysis the data of patients with hepatic echinococcosis in Ganzi County in 2018, and to understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatic echinococcosis in Ganzi County, Sichuan Province.MethodsA total of 811 patients were enrolled. The basic information of sex, age, weight, occupation, nation, educational level, family address and so on were recorded. The location, number, classification, transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of hepatic echinococcosis masses were recorded by abdominal color Doppler ultrasonography.ResultsIn 2018, 811 new cases of hepatic echinococcosis were reported in Ganzi County, with a prevalence rate of 4.6% (811/17 650), and 17.81% (572/3 212) in the Datongma area. Patients ranged in age from 6 to 92, the average age was (44.8±16.6) years old. The majority of patients were Tibetans (98.5%), herdsmen (71.8%) and illiterates (83.5%). The most common lesions were in right liver (84.2%) and single (91.4%).ConclusionsThere is serious transmission of hepatic echinococcosis in Ganzi County, especially in pure pastoral areas, and HAE is more prevalent than HCE. Most of the infected people are Tibetan herdsmen with illiterate educational background and more females than males. The peak incidence of hepatic echinococcosis is 30-55 years old. Close monitoring should be carried out for these people.
ObjectiveTo summarize the epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the epidemiological and economic burdens of NAFLD, so as to provide a reference for hospital management decision-making. MethodThe domestic and foreign guidelines relevant to NAFLD and the literatures relevant to epidemiological investigation and disease burden researches were summarized and its research progress was reviewed. ResultsThe global prevalence of NAFLD was increasing over years. The incidence, mortality, and disability adjusted life years of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by NAFLD had increased year by year. The patients relevant to NAFLD of inpatients and outpatients had increased obviously, and the overall medical expenses had also shown a rising trend. The possible reasons were health care awareness, new drug research, population aging, and excessive medical consumption. In addition, children and adolescents with NAFLD had a obviously increased risk of liver or extrahepatic diseases. ConclusionsBy understanding the epidemiological trend of NAFLD, it is a certain understanding of the disease burden of NAFLD and the related factors affecting the increase of its treatment cost. It is believed that it is necessary to further pay attention to and strengthen the genetic characteristics, pathogenesis, drug research and development, and early diagnosis of cirrhosis and liver cancer relevant to NAFLD in the future. At the same time, the NAFLD group of children and adolescents should not be ignored.
Objective To determine the incidence of and risk fact ors for retino pathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm infants in Beijing after implementation of the ROP guidelines. Methods The preterm infants with birth weight le; 2000 g or gestational age le; 3 4 weeks who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units in 6 hospitals in Beijing from Jan. 1, 2005 to Dec. 31, 2005 were screened. Ophthalmologic examin ations started 3-4 weeks after birth and ROP was classified by the revised Inte r national Classification. Maternal and perinatal risk factors of occurrence of R OP were analyzed. Results In the 639 infants who had been scre ened in the 6 ho spitals, ROP was detected in 69 (10.8%), in whom 23 infants (39 eyes) (3.6%) had type 1 ROP and underwent photocoagulation. The lower the birth weight and small er the gestational age was, the higher the incidence of ROP was. Logistic regres sion analysis indicated that low birth weight, apnea gt;20 seconds, anemia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and placenta abruption were the high risk factor of R O P.Conclusion In Beijing the incidence of ROP is 10.8% after i mplementation of the ROP guidelines. Low birth weight, apnea gt;20 seconds, anemia, hypoxicischem ic encephalopathy and placenta abruption were the high risk factor of ROP.
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is one of the exudative maculopathy, which is characterized by retinal pigment epithelium detachment, subretinal hemorrhages and sensory retinal detachment. The prevalence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) reached 33.5% in neovascular age related macular degeneration (AMD) for Chinese population. Indocyanine green angiography showed a single or multiple focal nodular areas of hyperfluorescence arising from the choroidal circulation and currently is recognized a gold standard for diagnosis of PCV. The histopathologic findings indicated that hyalinization of choroidal vessels, like arteriosclerosis. Up to now there is no reliable evidence to demonstrate the difference in genetic study. The study of environment factor showed hypertension is associated with PCV closely than with AMD. PCV and AMD is different genotype or different phenotype as well as difference in pathogenesis need further studies.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of blindness for children, early detection and treatment can prevent ROP progression and improve the visual prognosis. ROP prevention system, including advocacy, screening, diagnosis/treatment and follow-up, is the key to reducing the rate of blindness in children. The proposed tertiary ROP prevention network includes primary health centers in county-level, secondary health centers in municipal-level and tertiary health centers in provincial-level or national-level. The idea is to explore the greatest benefits in the ROP prevention process from the existing allocation of medical resources, but also to avoid wasting at the current stage of social development. We tested this idea in Shaanxi Province recently. The preliminary practice results indicated that ROP tertiary prevention network can increase the ROP screening coverage, promote the prevention and treatment of ROP. However this work is still in its infancy. We need to expand its scope and strength the advocacy efforts to find a way to prevent and treat ROP in China.
Objective
To investigate the prevalence and related factors of primary palmar hyperhidrosis in adolescents in Yangzhou.
Methods
On-site questionnaire survey was performed on students selected by cluster random sampling from the two colleges and two high or middle schools, with each class as a unit. Data were collected through the questionnaire to make the diagnosis and severity grading.
Results
A total of 3 487 copies of the questionnaire were distributed in the survey and 3 299 were finished, among which 3 083 were effective with an effective rate of 88.41%. Among them, 1 358 respondents were males and 1 725 were females; 933 were middle school students, 809 high school students, and the remaining 1 341 college students. According to the diagnostic criteria, 104 respondents were diagnosed with palmar hyperhidrosis with an overall prevalence of 3.37%. There were 60 (4.41%) males and 44 (2.55%) females. Although the prevalence of palmar hyperhidrosis in males was higher than that of females (χ2=8.130, P<0.05), severe palmar hyperhidrosis was more often to be observed in females than in males, and females were also more likely to have hyperhidrosis in other parts of the body. In addition, the age of the first onset of the disease was mainly 10 to 20 years old and 36.54% of the patients had a family history.
Conclusion
The prevalence of palmar hyperhidrosis in adolescents in Yangzhou was 3.37%, and there is a significant difference in the gender. The palmar hyperhidros is often accompanied by hyperhidrosis symptoms of other parts of body, and the disease shows an obvious genetic predisposition.
Objective To review the research progress on the correlation between sarcopenia and osteoarthritis (OA). Methods The basic and clinical studies at home and abroad in recent years on sarcopenia and OA were extensively reviewed. The correlation between sarcopenia and OA was analyzed and summarized from five aspects: epidemiological status, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical treatments, and the impact on joint arthroplasty. Results Sarcopenia and OA are common diseases in the elderly with high prevalence and can increase the ill risk of each other. They share a set of risk factors, and show negative interactive and influence on pathogenesis and clinical treatments, thus participating in each other’s disease process and reducing the treatment benefits. Clinical studies show that sarcopenia can affect the rehabilitation effect and increase the risk of postoperative complications after total joint arthroplasty in many ways. ConclusionCurrent research results show that sarcopenia and OA are related and can be mutually affected in the above 5 aspects, but more studies are needed to further clarify the relationship between them, so as to provide more theoretical basis for the understanding, prevention, diagnosis, and treatments of the two diseases.
