According to the potential risks in the hospital hazard vulnerability analysis (HHVA) process, Jingmen People’s Hospital introduced the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method to optimize. Through the establishment of a multidisciplinary expert group, 73 failure modes in the HHVA process were identified and evaluated, from which 15 high-risk failure modes were identified, covering key links such as team formation, data collection, risk assessment and plan formulation. According to the risk priority number, the improvement plan was proposed, such as improving the team structure, establishing a standardized evaluation system, strengthening the training and drill mechanism. This article will share the above experience of HHVA process optimization based on FMEA. FMEA method can effectively identify and quantify the weak links in the HHVA process, and provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the hospital’s disaster emergency response ability and process toughness.