Objective To review the methods of overcoming immunological rejection in xenotransplantation.Methods The strategies of overcoming immunological rejection in xenotransplantation were analyzed and summaried on the basis of an extensive review of the latest l iterature concerned. Results The research development of immunological rejection mechanism and molecular biological technique provided new approaches for overcoming immunological rejection in xenotransplantation. Conclusion It is only a matter of time for xenotransplantation to be appl ied cl inically.
ObjectiveTo review and summarize the role and progress of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsThe domestic and foreign literature in recent years was reviewed. The role of innate immune-mediated inflammation, macrophages, T cells, and complement systems in the pathogenesis of OA, potential therapeutic targets, and the latest research progress were summarized.ResultsWith the deepening of research, OA is gradually considered as a low-grade inflammation, in which innate immunity plays an important role. The polarization of synovial macrophage subpopulation in OA has been studied extensively. Current data shows that the failure of transformation from M1 subtype to M2 subtype is a key link in the progression of OA. T cells and complement system are also involved in the pathological process of OA.ConclusionAt present, the role of innate immunity in the progress of OA has been played in the spotlight, whereas the specific mechanism has not been clear. The macrophage subtype polarization is a potential therapeutic target for early prevention and treatment of OA.
Objective
To explore the operative safety of HIV-infected patients with colorectal cancer in different degrees of immunodeficiency.
Methods
A total of 56 patients, including 26 cases of HIV positive (HIV-positive group) and 28 cases of HIV negative (HIV-negative group), who underwent radical operation for colorectal cancer between January 2012 and December 2015, were enrolled in our study. We divided HIV-positive patients into three groups according to CD4+ T cells count in peripheral venous blood before 1 day (D0) of the surgery (HIV-positive Ⅰgroup with CD4+ T cells count >500/μL, HIV-positive Ⅱgroup with CD 4+ T cells count among 200–500/μL, and HIV-positive Ⅲ group with CD4+ T cells count <200/μL). Non-infective patients were enrolled in HIV-negative group. Leukocyte count, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage, CD 4+ T cells subsets count, and CD8+ T cells subsets count of the 4 groups in different time points were tested. In addition, we compared postoperative complications, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and postoperative survival rate between the HIV-positive group and the HIV-negative group.
Results
In 56 cases, there were 26 cases of HIV-positive patients (including 10 cases of HIV-positive Ⅰ group, 8 cases of HIV-positive Ⅱ group and 10 cases of HIV-positive Ⅲ group). Variance results about repeated measurement data showed that, variation of leukocyte count, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage, and CD8+ T cells count among 4 groups after surgery had no statistical significance (P>0.05), in addition there was no significant on time effect and interactive effect of time and group (P>0.05). CD4+ T cells count in the 4 groups showed a trend from decline to rising with time going, and the time effect had statistical significance (P<0.05). The speed and amplitude of decline and recovery of CD4+ T cells count were different among groups, and the group effect had statistical significance (P<0.05). CEA showed a trend of decline after surgery in both HIV-positive group and HIV-negative group, and the time effect had statistical significance (P<0.05), but the group effect and interactive effect of time and group had no statistical significance (P>0.05). No statistically significant differences in amount of blood loss, duration of surgery, postoperative stay, nor complication rate (including incision infection, pulmonary infection, and opportunistic infections after surgery) were found between the HIV-positive group and the HIV-negative group (P>0.05). The overall survival situation of the HIV-positive group and the HIV-negative group had no statistical significance (P>0.05).
Conclusions
Radical operation for HIV-infected patients with colorectal cancer has an impact of " first inhibition and recovery” on cellular immunity over a period of time. Incidence of postoperative complications and survival rates are similar in HIV-positive patients and HIV-negative patients. In a word, it’s safe to have radical operation for colorectal cancer in HIV-positive patients under the proper perioperative treatment.
To investigate the cause of septicemia in patients with obstructive jaundice,the correlationship between intra-biliary tract pressure(IBTP),portal veinous flow rate(PVFR)and interleukin-2(IL-2),soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R),T lymphocyte subpopulation in patient with obstructive jaundice(Group A)has been studied.Group A was subdivided into A1,emergency operation group;A2,elective surgery group;A3,patient’s age over 60 years and A4,age under 60.Ninety patients with simple gallstone(Group B)were also tested as a contrast.The result showed that of all Group A,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ before operation were much lower than those 10 days after operation(Plt;0.05 or Plt;0.01),while the postoperative sIL-2R was significantly higher than that of 10 days after operation(Plt;0.01),in Group A1,emergency surgery,the preoperative sIL-2R was much more higher than that in others of the jaundice group(Plt;0.01).Corralation analysis showed IBTP was negatively corralated to IL-2,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,but it had positive correlation with sIL-2R(Plt;0.01).PVFR was positively correlated to IL-2(Plt;0.01).These indicate that obstructive jaundice with infection is closely related to the decreased host immunity.
T lymphocyte acid α-naphthl acetate esterase (Tc-ANAE) activity was measured in 23 pathologically proved gastric cancer patients before and after surgical intervention. The result showed that interventional treatment obviously decreased the Tc-ANAE activity in patients with gastric cancer (Ｐ＜0.01), especially decreased the immune function in late stage cases (stage Ⅳ) (Ｐ＜0.01), the more advanced the cancer was, the more impaired the immune function was. Interventional treatment had no influence on immune function in earlier stages (Ｐ＞0.05).
Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Fork head /winged helix protein 3 (Foxp3) , retinoic acid-related orphan receptorγt (RORγt) , and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in Guinea pigs with emphysema. Methods Smoking and active immunization with elastin were separately used in guinea pigs to establish emphysema model. Then the destruction of lung tissue was assayed by measurement of the average radius of alveolar. The expressions of Foxp3 , RORγt, and IL-17 in lung tissue of the guinea pigs were detected by immunohistochemical technique. The results were compared with the normal control group by the analysis of variance or kruskal-Wallis test. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the ratio of Foxp3/RORγt and IL-17, also the correlation between Foxp3/RORγt and the average radius of alveolar. Results In the smoking group and the active immunization group, the average radius of alveolar were significantly longer than the control group (Plt;0.05) . And the expression of Foxp3/RORγt was significantly unbalanced, with the number of Foxp3-positive cells decreased and RORγt-positive cells increased (Plt;0.05) . Meanwhile the level of IL-17 was significantly increased compared with the control group ( Plt;0.05) . The difference between the smoking group and the active immunization group was not significant (Pgt;0.05) . The ratio of Foxp3/RORγt was negatively correlated with the level of IL-17 and the average radius of alveolar. Conclusions Active immunization with elastin can induce emphysema in guinea pigs. The Foxp3/RORγt expression was unbalanced in lung tissue of guinea pigs with emphysema.This imbalance may be an important mechanism attributed to the disordered expression of CD4+ Treg cells and Th17 cells, which may be involved in autoimmune regulation and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The application of gene therapy in ocular diseases is gradually expanding from mono-gene inherited diseases to multigene, multifactorial, common and chronic diseases. This emerging therapeutic approach is still in the early exploratory stage of treating diseases, and the expected benefits and risks remain highly uncertain. In the delivery process of gene therapy drugs, viral vector is currently one of the most mature and widely used vectors. The occurrence of vector-associated immunity will affect the short-term and long-term effects of gene therapy, and even cause permanent and serious damage to visual function. Therefore, gene therapy vector-associated immunity is the focus and challenge for the safety and long-term efficacy of gene therapy. During the perioperative and follow-up of gene therapy, attention should be paid to the monitoring of vector-associated immune inflammation, and appropriate measures should be taken to deal with the corresponding immune response, so as to achieve the best visual benefits for patients.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 on the function of lymphocyte immune by transferring mouse lymphocytes with plasmid of sense siRNA and by suppressing the expression of ADAR1. MethodsThe cell strains of human hepatic cellular carcinoma （HCC） were frozen and thawed repeatedly to prepare for tumor soluble antigen. The isolated mouse lymphocytes, which were transferred with antisense siRNA plasmid of ADAR1 and were sensitized with soluble tumor antigen were used as the study group; those which were not transferred but were sensitized were used as the control group. The 3HTdR adulteration experiment was used to test the sensitivity of lymphocytes. The effect of ADAR1 on lymphocyte immunity was detected by lymphocytotoxicity tests. ResultsThe observation of the isolated lymphocytes implied that the growth cycle of lymphocyte was 10-14 days. The 3HTdR adulteration experiment showed the result was optimal. The number of HCCs decreased significantly for both of the groups compared with those in the blank holes, but the amplitude was much larger in the control group. The expression of ADAR1 in lymphocytes of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group, which demonstrated that the RNA plasmid of ADAR1 suppressed the expression of ADAR1 in sensitized lymphocytes and the suppressing rate of the control group (87.47±4.62)% was significantly higher than that of study group （53.19±3.95）%. The function of lymphocytes killing targetcells in the study group was significantly inferior to that of control group (P＜0.05). ConclusionRNA editing enzyme ADAR1 may play an important role in mouse cellullar immunologic response and it is possible to attenuate the cellimmune response by depressing the expression of ADAR1.
ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics and prognostic value of cellular immune function in severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsA cohort study was conducted to collect the clinical data of 119 severe patients admitted to the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (Eastern District) including 60 males (50.4%) and 59 females (49.6%), with an average age of 60.9±14.2 years. The primary endpoint of follow-up was death in the hospital, and the disease outcome classification was the secondary endpoint of follow-up within 30 days after admission. We analyzed the correlation between cellular immune function and COVID-19 prognosis.Results A total of 22 patients died during this process, and 47 patients were severe/critical during the follow-up period. The counts of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ in the primary endpoint events were significantly different between the survival group and the death group (all P<0.05). The counts of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ in the secondary endpoint events were significantly different between the normal group and the severe/critical group (all P<0.05). The results of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the cellular immune function curve of dead patients and severe/critical patients had good predictive value (all P<0.05).ConclusionCell immune function has good clinical and prognostic value for COVID-19.
Objective To study the regulative effect of angelica sinensis on cellular immune function in perioperative patients with obstructive jaundice. Methods Fourteen patients with obstructive jaundice were injected with angelica before and after operation for 14 days. The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R in lymphocytes in peripheral blood were measured, respectively. Results The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R decreased significantly in patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R in peripheral blood lymphocyte increased significantly before and after operations (after treatment using angelica) (P＜0.01), though there was a little decrease after operation but they were still higher than that befor using angelica.Conclusion It maybe useful to use angelica to improve the cellular immune function in patients with obstructive jaundice.
