Objective To assess any potential associations between lung cancer and gut microbiota. Methods Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was carried out by utilizing summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the gut microbiota and lung cancer. The gut microbiota served as an exposure. Instrumental ariables (IVs) were identified from the GWAS of 18340 participants. The GWAS study of lung cancer from Europe served as an outcome, including 29 266 lung cancer patients and 56450 controls. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis. Sensitivity analysis was used to test the reliability of MR analysis results. Results IVW results showed that Genus Parabacteroides (OR=1.258, 95%CI 1.034 to 1.531, P=0.022) and Phylum Bacteroidetes (OR=1.192, 95%CI 1.001 to 1.419, P=0.048) had a positive causal association with lung cancer, and there was a negative causal association between family Bifidobacteriaceae (OR=0.845, 95%CI 0.721 to 0.989, P=0.037) and order Bifidobacteriales (OR=0.865, 95%CI 0.721 to 0.989, P=0.037) with lung cancer. Sensitivity analysis showed no evidence of reverse causality, pleiotropy, and heterogeneity. Conclusion This study demonstrates that Genus Parabacteroides and Phylum Bacteroidetes are related to an increased risk of lung cancer, family Bifidobacteriaceae and order Bifidobacteriales can reduce the risk of lung cancer. Our thorough investigations provide evidence in favor of a potential causal relationship between a number of gut microbiota-taxa and lung cancer. To demonstrate how gut microbiota influences the development of lung cancer, further research is necessary.
ObjectiveTo explore the composition of intestinal microbiota between patients with fixed airflow obstruction asthma, reversible airflow obstruction asthma, and healthy control, and analyze the correlation between key differential bacterial distribution and clinical characteristics. MethodsFifteen patients with fixed airflow obstruction asthma (FAO) and 13 patients with reversible airflow obstruction asthma (RAO) were included, along with 11 matched healthy control subjects. Clinical data were collected, and lung function tests and induced sputum examination were performed. Blood and stool samples were tested to compare the gut microbiota status among the groups, and analyze the relationship between gut microbiota abundance and patients' blood routine, IgE levels, lung function, and induced sputum. Results The dominant bacterial compositions were similar in the three groups, but there were differences in the abundance of some species. Compared to the RAO group, the FAO group showed a significant increase in the genera of Bacteroides and Escherichia coli, while Pseudomonas was significantly decreased. The phylum Firmicutes was negatively correlated with the course of asthma, while the phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Bacteroides were positively correlated with the asthma course. Bacteroidetes was negatively correlated with Pre-BD FEV1/FVC, Pseudomonas was positively correlated with Pre-BD FEV1, Escherichia coli was negatively correlated with Post-BD FEV1/FVC, and Bacteroides was negatively correlated with Post-BD MMEF. The class Actinobacteria and the order Actinomycetales were negatively correlated with peripheral blood EOS%, while the order Enterobacteriales and the family Enterobacteriaceae were positively correlated with peripheral blood IgE levels. Furthermore, Actinobacteria and Actinomycetales were negatively correlated with induced sputum EOS%. Conclusions There are differences in the gut microbiota among patients with fixed airflow obstruction asthma, reversible airflow obstruction asthma, and healthy individuals. Bacteroides and Escherichia coli are enriched in the fixed airflow obstruction asthma group, while the Firmicutes are increased in the reversible airflow obstruction asthma group. These three microbiota may act together on Th2 cell-mediated inflammatory responses, influencing the process of airway remodeling, and thereby interfering with the occurrence of fixed airflow obstruction in asthma.
As a heterogeneous disease characterized by changes in cardiac structure or function, cardiomyopathy has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. And the gut microbiota, as the “second genome”, can regulate cardiac function through the “gut-heart axis”, providing a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of cardiomyopathy. This article summarizes the types and quantitative characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with cardiomyopathy. From the perspective of direct effects and indirect effects of metabolites such as short chain fatty acids, trimethylamine oxide, and bile acids, the mechanisms by which gut microbiota affects cardiomyopathy are explained. And the therapeutic effects of various gut microbiota regulation methods, such as dietary regulation, traditional Chinese medicine regulation, probiotics and prebiotics regulation on cardiomyopathy are explored, in order to provide reference for scientific regulation of gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of cardiomyopathy.
The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer are high, with strong invasiveness and poor prognosis. In China, the number of morbidity and death accounts for about half of the world. The cause of the disease has not yet been clarified, and it is known to be related to many factors such as chronic damage to the upper digestive tract caused by poor diet and lifestyle, heredity and environment. With the continuous advancement of molecular biology technology, metagenomics and high-throughput sequencing began to be used as non-culture methods instead of traditional culture methods for micro-ecological analysis, and is becoming a research hotspot. Many studies have shown that the disturbance of upper digestive tract microecology may be one of the causes of esophageal cancer, which affects the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer through complex interactions with the body and various mechanisms. This paper reviews the research progress, which is of great significance to further clarify the value of upper gastrointestinal microecology in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer.
Childhood obesity is a global public health problem that seriously affects the normal growth and development of children. In recent years, a large number of studies have pointed out that the intestinal microbiome is closely related to childhood obesity, and the treatment strategies targeting the intestinal microbiome have a certain improvement effect on childhood obesity. This article elaborates on the establishment and development of intestinal microbiome, intestinal microbiome characteristics, the mechanisms of intestinal microbiome involvement in the occurrence and development of childhood obesity, and potential intervention strategies, so as to provide more ideas for basic and clinical research on childhood obesity.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common immune-mediated diseases, and the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the patient’s immune system may play a role in the occurrence and development of RA. Methotrexate (MTX), as a first-line drug for the treatment of RA, can be directly and indirectly influenced by intestinal microbiota and its enzyme products to affect the bioavailability, clinical efficacy, and toxicity of the drug. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanism by which intestinal microbiota affects RA and the impact of intestinal microbiota on the efficacy of MTX. This article provides a review of the mechanisms by which intestinal microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of RA, as well as the role and impact of intestinal microbiota in MTX drug metabolism and treatment response.
There is increasing evidence that microorganisms play a complex and important role in human health and disease, and that the in vivo microbiome can directly or indirectly affect the host’s immune system, endocrine system, and nervous system. Therefore, a relatively stable equilibrium between the host and the microbiome is crucial in human health. However, in the special pathophysiological state of the perioperative period, preoperative anxiety and sleep deprivation, anesthesia intervention and surgical injury, postoperative medication and complications may all have different effects on the microbial composition of various organs in the body, resulting in pathogenic microorganisms, and the balance between beneficial microorganisms is altered. This may affect patient the outcomes and prognosis in a direct or indirect manner. This paper will provide a systematic review of key studies to understand the impact of perioperative stress on the commensal microbiome, provide a fresh perspective on optimizing perioperative management strategies, and discuss possible potential interventions to restore microbiome-mediated steady state.
ObjectiveTo investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cholelithiasis using a two-sample Mendelian randomization method. MethodsThe genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data of gut microbiota from the MiBioGen study and the GWAS data of cholelithiasis from the FinnGen Biobank were utilized. Genetic variants significantly associated with the relative abundance of gut microbiota were identified as instrumental variables (IVs) based on a specified threshold. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary analytical approach, with results assessed based on the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The robustness and reliability of the findings were ensured through quality control measures, including sensitivity analysis, assessment of heterogeneity, and evaluation for horizontal gene pleiotropy. ResultsClostridiumsensustricto1 [OR=1.160, 95%CI (1.023, 1.314), P=0.020], Coprococcus3 [OR=1.136, 95%CI (1.014, 1.272), P=0.028] and Peptococcus [OR=1.074, 95%CI (1.023, 1.128) , P=0.004] increased the risk of cholelithiasis. Bacilli [OR=0.897, 95%CI (0.818, 0.984), P=0.022], Family Ⅹ ⅢAD3011group [OR=0.908, 95%CI (0.830, 0.992), P=0.033] and Lactobacillales [OR=0.884, 95%CI (0.802, 0.974), P=0.013] were protective factors for cholelithiasis. ConclusionThe study has identified 6 kinds of specific gut microbiota that are causally linked to the development of cholelithiasis, providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis.
Objective To analyze the differences in distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome elements and salivary microbiota between the individuals with pulmonary nodules and those without, and to explore the potential correlation between the distribution of TCM syndrome elements and salivary microbiota in patients with pulmonary nodules. Methods We retrospectively recruited 173 patients with pulmonary nodules (PN) and 40 healthy controls (HC). The four diagnostic information was collected from all participants, and syndrome differentiation method was used to analyze the distribution of TCM syndrome elements in both groups. Saliva samples were obtained from the subjects for 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to obtain differential microbiota and to explore the correlation between TCM syndrome elements and salivary microbiota in the evolution of the pulmonary nodule disease. Results The study found that in the PN group, the primary TCM syndrome elements related to disease location were the lung and liver, and the primary TCM syndrome elements related to disease nature were yin deficiency and phlegm. In the HC group, the primary TCM syndrome elements related to disease location were the lung and spleen, and the primary TCM syndrome elements related to disease nature were dampness and qi deficiency. There were differences between the two groups in the distribution of TCM syndrome elements related to disease location (lung, liver, kidney, exterior, heart) and disease nature (yin deficiency, phlegm, qi stagnation, qi deficiency, dampness, blood deficiency, heat, blood stasis) (P<0.05). The species abundance of the salivary microbiota was higher in the PN group than that in the HC group (P<0.05), and there was significant difference in community composition between the two groups (P<0.05). Correlation analysis using multiple methods, including Mantel test network heatmap analysis and Spearman correlation analysis and so on, the results showed that in the PN group, Prevotella and Porphyromonas were positively correlated with disease location in the lung, and Porphyromonas and Granulicatella were positively correlated with disease nature in yin deficiency (P<0.05). ConclusionThe study concludes that there are notable differences in the distribution of TCM syndrome elements and the species abundance and composition of salivary microbiota between the patients with pulmonary nodules and the healthy individuals. The distinct external syndrome manifestations in patients with pulmonary nodules, compared to healthy individuals, may be a cascade event triggered by changes in the salivary microbiota. The dual correlation of Porphyromonas with both disease location and nature suggests that changes in its abundance may serve as an objective indicator for the improvement of symptoms in patients with yin deficiency-type pulmonary nodules.
[Abstract]Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy within the digestive system, characterized by a high incidence rate and a generally poor prognosis. In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated that the intratumoral microbiota plays a significant role in the initiation and progression of esophageal cancer. These microbial communities may originate from the migration of adjacent tissues, disruption of the mucosal barrier, or hematogenous dissemination, and they influence tumor development through various mechanisms, including direct microbial-tumor interactions, metabolic byproducts, induction of chronic inflammation, and modulation of the immune response. This article reviews the detection techniques of the bacterial flora within esophageal cancer, the differences in the bacterial flora, the mechanism of its role in the occurrence and development of the tumor, as well as the related researches on its impact on the treatment outcome.
