Objective To investigate the rat model of cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation in rat abdominal cavity. Methods Forty Wistar rats and 40SDrats were divided into control group and experiment group randomly pair-matching. Rat model ofheterotopic heart transplantation was developed. Low doseCyclosporine A were injected into the abdominal cavity in experiment group, while the control group had not received the Cyclosporine A. Transplant hearts were harvested at two weeks and four weeks post-operatively and changes of coronary artery were observed by light microscope. Results There were no alteration of tunica intima of coronary artery in control group at two weeks and four weeks post-transplantation. Tunica intima of coronary artery increased in thickness at two weeks post-transplantation in experiment group and concentric circular change occurred at four weeks post-transplantation. Lumen of coronary artery constricted transparent and cardiac allograft vasculopathy occurred. Conclusion This animal model is reliable of cardiac allograft vasculopathy.
This study sought to investigate the in vivo antiviral effect of amantadine (AM) and biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) on hepatitis B virus (HBV) in HBV replication mice. HBV replication-competent plasmid was transferred into male BALB/c mice by using hydrodynamics-based in vivo transfection procedure to develop HBV replication mouse model. The model mice were matched by body weigh, age and serum levels of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and were divided into four groups:AM group, DDB group, AM+DDB group and NS group, with the last one as control, and the mice of each group were administered corresponding agent orally twice a day, in a medication course lasting 3 d. On the third day, the mice were sacrificed 4-6 h after the last oral intake. HBV DNA replication intermediates in liver were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization. The serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBeAg were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared to the animals in the control group, HBV DNA replication intermediates in liver and HBsAg and HBeAg in serum from the AM and AM plus DDB group of mice decreased, and there was no difference between these two groups of mice. The levels of HBV DNA intermediate from liver and the serum HBsAg and HBeAg between the control and DDB group, however, were not obviously different. In conclusion, the inhibition effect of AM on HBV was detected, but treatment with DDB for 3 days did not influence the viral replication and expression of HBV in the HBV replication mice.
Objective To define the attributes and priorities of evidence-based nursing curriculum needs of nursing students, so as to provide operational reference for the design and development of evidence-based nursing course in the future. Methods Questionnaire was designed based on Kano model, and convenient sampling method was adopted to investigate the nursing students who had received training or had experience in evidence-based nursing from September to November 2020. According to the Kano model attribute classification method, the need attribute of evidence-based nursing curriculum was defined. Results A total of 303 nursing students were investigated. Kano model analysis showed that 11 of the needs for evidence-based nursing courses were one-dimensional quality, which belonged to the dimension of teaching resources and teaching content, and 5 were indifference quality, which belonged to the course assessment dimension. The importance-satisfaction matrix showed that the need of evidence-based nursing curriculum was concentrated in the advantage area and minor excepting improvement area. Conclusions In the future curriculum design, evidence-based nursing teachers need to continue to maintain the demand items in the advantage area and constantly improve and perfect them. They also need to pay more attention to the demand items in the minor excepting improvement area. Combined with the current problems in evidence-based nursing practice and the evidence-based needs of students, teachers need to further put forward suggestions on evidence-based nursing curriculum.
Objective
To investigate the effect of exogenous Rb gene on the cell cycle of vitreous retinoblastoma (RB) transplantation tumor in nude mouse.
Methods
Based on establishing vitreous RB transplantation tumor in nude mouse,constructing retrovirus vector of Rb gene PBabe-Rb and transfecing it into the RB transplantation model by liposome Dosper,the change of cell cycle of the RB transplantation tumor by flow cytometry(FCM)was analysed．
Results
FCM showed that the cells of G1phase of the treated eyes were obviously more than the control eyes with the value of DNA index(DI)and S phase fraction(SPF) decreased by the Rb gene expression.
Conclusion
The exogenous PBabe-Rb gene can partially suppress the progress of the cell cycle of RB transplantation tumor in vivo.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2000，16：1-70)
Robot-assisted fracture reduction usually involves fixing the proximal end of the fracture and driving the distal end of the fracture to the proximal end in a planned reduction path. In order to improve the accuracy and safety of reduction surgery, it is necessary to know the changing rule of muscle force and reduction force during reduction. Fracture reduction force was analyzed based on the muscle force of femoral. In this paper, a femoral skeletal muscle model named as PA-MTM was presented based on the four elements of skeletal muscle model. With this, pinnate angle of the skeletal muscle was considered, which had an effect on muscle force properties. Here, the muscle force of skeletal muscles in different muscle models was compared and analyzed. The muscle force and the change of the reduction force under different reduction paths were compared and simulated. The results showed that the greater the pinnate angle was, the greater the influence of muscle strength was. The biceps femoris short head played a major role in the femoral fracture reduction; the force in the z direction contributed the majority to the resulting force with maximums of 472.18 N and 497.28 N for z and resultant, respectively, and the rationality of the new musculoskeletal model was verified.
Objective To provide a reliable experimental model for gastroesophageal reflux (GER) study. Methods Twenty Japan 5-month-old male rabbits wererandomly divided into two groups: group cardiomyotomy(n=10), group partial cardiomyectomy(n=10). The operations of cardiomyotomy and parital cardiomyectomy were performed in 2 groups respectively. All the animals underwent intraesophagealpH detection 1 week before operation and 4 weeks after operation. The mean changes of reflux ratios were compared between before operation and after operation.Results In gastroesophageal reflux ratio between before operation and after operation, there was no significant difference in group cardiomyotomy (1.98%±1.52% and 4.32%±2.39%, Pgt;0.05) and there was significant difference in group partialcardiomyectomy（1.56%±1.57% and 13.56%±3.27%, Plt;0.05）. Conclusion The reliable experimental model of GER can be made with procedure of partial cardiomyectomy. It can be used in estimating the operative procedure of antireflux and is conducive to dynamic observation and study of esophagitis.
Reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) models from two-dimensional (2D) images is necessary for preoperative planning and the customization of joint prostheses. However, the traditional statistical modeling reconstruction shows a low accuracy due to limited 3D characteristics and information loss. In this study, we proposed a new method to reconstruct the 3D models of femoral images by combining a statistical shape model with Laplacian surface deformation, which greatly improved the accuracy of the reconstruction. In this method, a Laplace operator was introduced to represent the 3D model derived from the statistical shape model. By coordinate transformations in the Laplacian system, novel skeletal features were established and the model was accurately aligned with its 2D image. Finally, 50 femoral models were utilized to verify the effectiveness of this method. The results indicated that the precision of the method was improved by 16.8%–25.9% compared with the traditional statistical shape model reconstruction. Therefore, the method we proposed allows a more accurate 3D bone reconstruction, which facilitates the development of personalized prosthesis design, precise positioning, and quick biomechanical analysis.
Objective To explore the proper dosage of establishment of stable hepatic oval cells （HOC） prolif-eration model by using 2-acetaminofluorene （2-AAF） combined with two-third partial hepatectomy （2/3 PH） surgery， and to explore isolated and cultured method of HOC in vitro. Methods The 174 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups （each group enrolled 30 rats）， saline group （n=30）， and untreated group （n=24）. Rats of 4 experi-mental groups were underwent gavage of 5， 10， 15， and 20 mg/（kg ? d） 2-AAF， corresponding to the groups from No.1 to No.4 group. Rats of saline group received saline gavage and rats of untreated group didn’t received any treatment. A standard 2/3 PH surgery was performed on the 5th day after gavage， then the same gavage method was still administrated as preoperation untill rats were sacrificed. The liver tissues of 6 selected rats were adopted and identified by HE staining and immunohistochemical staining on 4， 8， 12， and 16 days after PH for observation of the proliferation of HOC in every group， on 4 days， levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were tested in addition. HOC were isolated and purified by collagenase perfusion method and percoll gradient centrifugation. Results The surv-ival rates of untreated group，saline group，No.1 group，No.2 group，No.3 group，and No.4 group were 100% （24/24），93% （28/30），93% （28/30），90% （27/30），90% （27/30），and 80% （24/30） respectively. Compared with the saline group and untreated group， the levels of serum ALT and AST increased significantly in No.2， No.3， and No.4 group on the 4th day after PH （P＜0.05）. The results of HE staining showed that No.2， No.3， and No.4 group were observed visibly different level of damage at liver tissue， and the proliferation level of HOC were most obviously in No.3 and No.4 group. The results of immunohistochemical staining revealed that proliferation cells were positively expressed oval cell marker-6 （OV-6）. The number of OV-6 positive cells were increased significantly with the increase of dosage of 2-AAF between 4 days and 12 days after operation， and proliferation levels were related with dosages of 2-AAF （P＜0.05）. In all cultured cells， 80% of cells were OV-6 positive cells after isolation and culture by using collagenase perfusion method and percoll gradient centrifugation. Conclusions The methods of gavage of 2-AAF at 15 mg/（kg ? d） combined with 2/3 PH surgery can establish the HOC proliferation model on the 12th day， as well as the rats have lower mortality and better tolerance， especially. The collagenase perfusion method and percoll gradient centrifugation can be used to isolate HOC effectively.
Objective To observe the change of diffusion upper limit of macromol ecules through pathological retina and the difference between the layers of retina. Methods Retinal edema was emulated by establishing branch retinal vein occlusion (RVO) model in miniature pig eyes under photodynamic method. Two days later, the retinas of both eyeballs were peeled off. The diffusion test apparatus was designed by ourselves. FITC-dextrans of various molecular weights (4.4, 9.3, 19.6, 38.9, 71.2 and 150 kDa) and Carboxyfluorescein (376 Da) were dissolved in RPMI1640 solutions and diffused through inner or outer surface of retina. The rate of transretinal diffusion was determined with a spectrophotometer. Theoretical maximum size of molecule (MSM) was calculated by extrapolating the trend-linear relationship with the diffusion rate. In separate experiments to determine the sites of barrier to diffusion, FITC-dextrans were applied to either the inner or outer retinal surface, processed as frozen sections, and viewed with a fluores cence microscope. Results FITC-dextrans applying to inner retinal surface, 4.4 kDa dextrans were largely blocked by inner nuclear layer (INL); 19.6,71.2 kDa dextrans were blocked by the nerve fiber layer (NFL) and inner plexiform layer; 15.0 kDa dextrans were blocked by NFL. FITC-dextrans applying to outer retinal surface, most dextrans with various molecular weights were blocked before outer nuclear layer (ONL). No matter applying to the inner or outer surface, Carboxyfluore scein can diffuse through the whole retina and aggregate at INL and ONL. After RVO, the inner part of retina became edema and cystoid, loosing the barrier function. Compared with the normal retina, the MSM in RVO tissues increased (6.5plusmn;0 39nm Vs 6.18plusmn;0.54nm, t=4.143, P=0.0001). Conclusions A fter RVO, the barrier function of inner part of retinal is destroyed and the upper limit of diffusion macromolecule size increased, which is nevertheless limited. ONL acts as bottle-neck barriers to diffusion, if the outer part of retina is damaged, the change of the diffusion upper limit will be prominent. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2008，24：197-201）
Objective To evaluate the effect of smooth muscle cell transplantation on myocardial interstitial reconstruction shortly after myocardial infarction. Methods A total of 48 female Wister rats were randomly divided into two groups with the random number table, the control group (n=24) and the smooth muscle cell transplantation group (n=24). The left coronary artery was ligated to set up the myocardial infarction animal model. An amount of 05 ml phosphate buffered saline(PBS) containing 1×106 smooth muscle cells or 0.5 ml PBS without cells was injected into the injured myocardium immediately. By immunoblot and reverse transcriptionolymerase china reaction (RT-PCR), we observed the amount of protein and mRNA of matrix metalloproteinase2(MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-3 (TIMP-3) in the myocardium of the rats. Results The transplanted smooth muscle cells survived well. Compared with the control group, myocardial TIMP3 mRNA (1.06±0.22 vs. 0.81±0.19, t=－2.358, P=0.033) and protein content (3.33±0.53 vs. 1.63±0.47, t=－6.802, Plt;0.001) were significantly increased in the transplantation group. Myocardial MMP-2, MMP-9 mRNA (0.49±0.12 vs. 1.16±0.18, t=8.453, Plt;0.001; 0.45±0.12 vs. 0.80±0.11, t=5.884, Plt;0.001) and protein content (3.98±1.08 vs. 6.05±0.91, t=4.139, P=0.001; 0.39±0.14 vs. 0.57±0.17, t=2.409, P=0.031) [CM(1585mm]were significantly reduced in the transplantation group compared with the control group. Conclusion transplanted smooth muscle cells can survive well in the infarction myocardium and can increase the amount of myocardial TIMP-3 mRNA and protein content and reduce myocardial MMP-2, MMP-9 mRNA and protein content, which is an effective way to prevent harmful cardiac remodeling.
