Objective To study the correlation of changes in liver function during long-term treatment with sodium valproate (VPA) in children with epilepsy in Putian, and to explore individualized administration to improve the compliance of children with medication. Methods The blood concentration of VPA and related biochemical test data of 350 children with epilepsy from June 1, 2018 to March 1, 2021 were collected in our hospital. According to the results of VPA blood concentration, they were classified as low Blood concentration group (<50 μg/mL), therapeutic blood concentration group (50 ~ 100 μg/mL) and high blood concentration group (>100 μg/mL). Results There was no significant difference in liver function indexes between the VPA treatment group and the control group (P>0.05). There were significant differences in liver function ALT, AST, AST/ALT, TBIL and DBIL among the groups of VPA blood concentration range (P<0.05). The abnormal incidence of liver function indexes of high blood drug concentration was lower in the concentration group and higher in the treatment concentration group, and there were differences (P<0.05). Conclusion Abnormal liver function in the high blood drug concentration treatment groupis quite common, and the dose of the drug should be adjusted in time to avoid liver damage caused by the VPA.
ObjectiveTo investigate the significance of using the term "high-normal blood pressure" and its intervention in the early stage.
MethodsIn 1992 and 2007, we performed two similar investigations focusing on cardiovascular risk factors in 711 people in Chengdu city. Since 114 individuals were diagnosed with hypertension, 597 people without hypertension were eligible and divided into two groups:the normal-pressure[<120/80 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)] group and the high-normal blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 120-139 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure 80-89 mm Hg) group. Data in the two investigations were compared to explore the relationship among high-normal blood pressure, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension.
ResultsThe high-normal blood pressure group had a higher level of CVD risk factors both in 1992 and 2007, and the 15-year cumulative incidence of hypertension in the high-normal blood pressure group was higher than that of normal-pressure group (91.2% vs. 22.2%, P<0.001). After adjusting for serum lipid, body weight and other CVD risk factors, high-normal blood pressure could predict the progression into hypertension[HR=5.354, 95% CI (4.094, 7.002), P=0.001]. There was no statistics difference in CVD prevalence in the two groups in 1992, but in 2007 the prevalence of CVD tended to be higher in the high-normal blood pressure group (6.6% vs. 3.1%, P=0.052).
ConclusionHigh-normal blood pressure is a special stage of blood pressure with high level of CVD risk factors and high potential to progress into hypertension. The term should be emphasized and intervention should be done in the early stage for high-normal blood pressure people to prevent from hypertension and CVD.
ObjectiveStudy how to quantify the bias of each study and how to estimate them.
MethodIn the random-effect model, it is commonly assumed that the effect size of each study in meta-analysis follows a skew normal distribution which has different shape parameter. Through introducing a shape parameter to quantify the bias and making use of Markov estimation as well as maximum likelihood estimation to estimate the overall effect size, bias of each study, heterogeneity variance.
ResultIn simulation study, the result was closer to the real value when the effect size followed a skew normal distribution with different shape parameter and the impact of heterogeneity of random effects meta-analysis model based on the skew normal distribution with different shape parameter was smaller than it in a random effects metaanalysis model. Moreover, in this specific example, the length of the 95%CI of the overall effect size was shorter compared with the model based on the normal distribution.
ConclusionIncorporate the bias of each study into the random effects meta-analysis model and by quantifying the bias of each study we can eliminate the influence of heterogeneity caused by bias on the pooled estimate, which further make the pooled estimate closer to its true value.
OBJECTIVE To sum up the experience of diagnosis and treatment of intrinsic upper gastro-intestinal membrane, 13 cases in children were studied retrospectively. METHODS There were 10 boys and 3 girls, the major symptoms were vomiting and epigastric distension. Eleven cases were treated by membranectomy with intestinal plasty, and 2 cases were treated by retrocolic side to end duodenojejunostomy. RESULTS All cases had good results without severe complications. CONCLUSION The children who have typical symptom of upper digestive tract should be considered duodental and upper jejunal membrane, and should be proved by contrast radiology. The membranectomy with intestinal plasty is the better operative method.
Objective
To investigate the causes of visual loss and failure of treatment after intraocular silicone oil removal.
Methods
Retrospective clinical analysis of the causes of loss of visual acuity of 15 eyes after silicone oil removal in patients with complicated retinal detachment which were successfully treated with vitreous and retinal microsurgery.
Results
Among the 15 eyes,retina failed to reattach in 11 eyes,secondary glaucoma occurred in 2 eyes and corneal opacity appeared in another two eyes.All of them were resulted in total loss of vision.
Conclusion
Retinal redetachment was the leading cause of final visual loss in the failing 15 cases(15 eyes) after intraocular silicone oil removal,and secondary glaucoma and corneal decompensation may also be the causes of visual loss.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 230-231)
Objective
To explore the causes and solutions of dissatisfied complaints about frame glasses wearing after medical optometry to improve service quality.
Methods
Patients with dissatisfied complaints about frame glasses wearing after medical optometry in West China Medical Center of Optometry Glasses between January 2013 and December 2014 were selected. Targeted re-examination and corresponding treatment was performed on them. The causes of their complaints were clustered and analyzed.
Result
There were 105 cases of complaints out of the 58 278 patients with frame glasses wearing after medical optometry, including complaints about wearing glasses uncomfortable in 58 cases (55.2%), mainly related to abnormal binocular vision, high myopia and progressive glasses lens fitting; quality of glasses in 23 cases (21.9%), in whom 16 were dissatisfied with the frame; quality of service in 10 cases (9.5%); glasses assembly / calibration in 7 cases (6.7%); and other dissatisfaction in 7 cases (6.7%).
Conclusions
In medical optometry, optometrists and sales staff should establish a good communication with patients according to individual differences, attach importance to the selection of right frame and lens in patients with high myopia or progressive piece of glasses, introduce the right wearing method of progressive piece of glasses, and enhance the follow-up service. For patients with obvious eye fatigue, it is needed to check the binocular visual function, if the visual fatigue is closely related to abnormal binocular visual function, special glasses fitting and functional training should be instructed to the patients.
ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between abnormal thyroid function and benign or malignant breast tumors.
MethodsThe contents of free iodine three original acid (FT3), three iodine original acid (T3), thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (Anti-TG), and antithyroid peroxidase antibody (Anti-TPO) were detected by chemiluminescence method in 563 patients with benign breast neoplasms, 87 patients with breast cancer, and 123 health examination population.
ResultsT3 and T4 levels in patients with breast cancer were lower than those of normal control group and benign tumor group (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant difference in the levels of FT3, FT4, and TSH between the 3 groups (P > 0.05). The positive rates of Anti-TPO and Anti-TG were higher than those of benign group and normal group (P < 0.001). T3 and T4 levels in patients with breast cancer were not related to the expression of ER and PR, in Her-2 negative expression and lymph node metastasis were relatively low (P < 0.05).
ConclusionThe decrease of contents of T3 and T4, and the positive expressions of Anti-TPO and Anti-TG may provide a basis for predicting the incidence of breast cancer.
Objective
To detect and analyse the mutations in rhodopsin gene of members in a family affected by autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP).
Methods
Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we amplified exon 1-5 of rhodopsin gene in patients with ADRP,and analyzed it with direct sequence measuement.
Results
The Gly-182-Asp mutation in the rhodopsin gene was detected in most of affected members of this ADRP family, but no mutation was detected in two affected members and the control ones.
Conclusion
We cannot regard the Gly-182-Asp mutation in the rhodopsin gene as the pathagenic factor of the ADRP family. It is likely there is a new gene next to the rhodopsin gene.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 256-258)
Varicocele (VC) is one of the common diseases of the male genitourinary system, and its incidence is higher in young adults. Among them, 80%-98% of VC are more likely to occur in the left spermatic vein. Previous research has found that VC could affect the temperature of the local microenvironment of the testis, oxidative stress process in the spermatogenic environment, mitochondrial function of sperm, endocrine system, and apoptosis of testes and epididymal cells. Therefore, VC will have an important impact on spermatogenic process of the testicles to cause male infertility. However, the specific molecular mechanism of VC affecting male spermatogenesis has not been fully studied. Therefore, this article will review the effect and mechanism of VC on testicular spermatogenesis.
ObjectiveTo explore the differences in the detection of vigabatrin-associated brain abnormalities on MRI by different MRI sequences, so as to further guide the clinical understanding of VABAM and improve the appropriate imaging sequences. MethodsA total of 353 patients with infantile spasm or epileptic spasm who were admitted to the Epilepsy Center of Yuquan Hospital of Tsinghua University from January 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively included. MRI was performed in 131 cases, including 3D T1, T2, T1- fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence (FLAIR) images, DWI and ADC sequences, of which 65 cases taking VGB. We aim to evaluate the detection of vigabatrin-associated brain abnormalities on MRI by different MRI sequences in these children. Results Among the 65 patients, VABAM was detected in 23 cases, the detection rate was 35.4%. The average dosage of vigabatrin was 100.73±35.54 mg/(kg·d). The positive detection rates of VABAM were 95.7% in DWI sequence, 26.1% in ADC sequence, 21.3% in FLAIR sequence, 4.3% in T2 sequence and 0 in T1 sequence. The detection rate of ADC sequence was significantly different from DWI sequence and T1 sequence, but not from T2 sequence and FLAIR group. ConclusionDWI sequence has irreplaceable advantages in the detection rate of VABAM. Therefore, for patients with infantile spasm and epileptic spasm who take vigabatrin, we should try our best to add DWI sequence scanning to improve the positive detection rate and avoid clinical symptoms, so as to avoid further brain damage.
