Reduction is the first step in fracture treatment, and is the predominant factor for treatment outcomes. The positive anteromedial cortical support (AMCS) reduction theory was established by Prof Shi-Min Chang in 2014 for the fixation treatment of trochanteric femur fractures. It was referenced to the nonanatomic reduction theory proposed by Gotfried in 2013 for subcapital femoral neck fractures. Both are nonanatomic cortical support reductions to share medial compressive load, but were just the opposite with each other in the bearing and direction of the proximal head-neck fragment. For femoral neck fractures, positive cortical support means the proximal femoral head-neck fragment is intentionally positioned slightly lateral-superior to the distal neck (less than 1 cortical thickness) and is intramedullarily buttressed by the distal inferior cortex. For trochanteric fractures, positive cortical support means the proximal head-neck fragment is deliberately positioned slightly medial-superior to the distal shaft (less than 1 cortical thickness) and is extramedullarily buttressed by the anteromedial cortex of the femoral shaft. Currently positive reduction theory and its derivative Chang reduction quality criterion (CRQC) is widely accepted and practiced worldwide, and are appraised as one of the three keystone theories in the treatment of trochanteric fracture, which are tip-apex distance, lateral wall, and cortical support reduction. From the point of scientific methodology, this new theory establishment is related to several important factors, such as identify unusual events in clinical practice, seize the opportunity, abundant knowledge reserves, keep up with the latest progress, conduct analogical reasoning, and promptly summarize the results and publish academic papers.
After more than 30 years of localized development of infection prevention and control in China, a prevention and control system in line with China’s conditions has been established. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic began, with the unprecedented attention paid to healthcare associated infection by health administrative departments at all levels, the awareness of infection prevention and control of various personnel has been continuously strengthened, which has promoted the cross-integration and development of infection prevention and control-related disciplines. However, under the normalized pandemic prevention and control, infection prevention and control work also faces enormous pressure and challenges. This paper summarizes the opportunities for infection prevention and control in the new era, analyzes the current challenges in the field of infection prevention and control, and aims to provide some ideas for the future development of infection prevention and control.
