ObjectiveTo study the effect of tumor associated neutrophil (TAN) releasing a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) on the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in microenvironment.Methods① The expressions of APRIL in neutrophils (differentiated by HL-60 cell) and TAN cells were detected by use ELISA. ② The expressions of APRIL receptors B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and trans-membrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI) in pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 were confirmed by use Western blotting. ③ Pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells were co-cultured with TAN, and divided into a PANC-1 control group (referred to as the control group), a PANC-1+TAN treatment group (referred to as the PANC-1+TAN group), PANC-1+TAN+APRIL antibody treatment group (referred to as PANC-1+TAN+APRIL group), and PANC-1+rtificial recombinant APRIL protein (rAPRIL) treatment group (referred to as PANC-1+rAPRIL group). The CCK8 method was used to determine TAN release of APRIL on PANC-1 effect of cell proliferation activity.Results① The APRIL content in the culture medium of TAN cell group was higher than that of neutrophil group [(556.20±84.38) pg/mL vs. (377.17±57.07) pg/mL, P=0.038]. ② PANC-1 cells express the receptors BCMA and TACI of APRIL. ③ PANC-1 cell activity of PANC-1+TAN group and PANC-1+rAPRIL group [(126.80±1.42)%, (168.95±12.54)%] were significantly higher than the control group [(100 ± 0.00)%, P<0.05, P<0.001], the activity of PANC-1 cells in the PANC-1+TAN group was significantly higher than that in the PANC-1+TAN+APRIL group [(86.29 ± 12.20)%, P=0.003] and significantly lower than that of PANC-1+rAPRIL group (P=0.002), the activity of PANC-1 cells in PANC-1+rAPRIL group was significantly higher than that in PANC-1+TAN+APRIL antibody group (P<0.001).ConclusionIn the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, the release of APRIL from TAN increases, which promotes the proliferative activity of PANC-1 in pancreatic cancer cells, which provides a new idea for the mechanism research and treatment of pancreatic cancer progression.
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of robot-assisted surgery in pancreatic cancer.MethodRecent literatures related to robot-assisted surgery in treatment of pancreatic cancer compared with traditional open surgery or traditional laparoscopic surgery were collected to make an review.ResultsCompared with the traditional laparoscopic surgery, the robot-assisted surgery was expensive, with the obvious advantages in terms of anastomosis and reconstruction. Compared with the open operation, both robot-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy and robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy had longer operation time, but the length of hospital stay and intraoperative blood loss were obviously shortened, robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy also had higher spleen preservation rate. Compared with the traditional laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, the number of lymph node retrieved, R0 resection rate, and splenic preservation rate were also higher in the robot-assisted group. Simultaneously, robot-assisted total pancreatectomy and midsection pancreatectomy were deemed as safe in some high-volume centers.ConclusionsRobot-assisted pancreatic cancer surgery is safe and feasible, but many surgeries are restricted to a small number of high-volume medical centers, and most cases selected to undergo robot-assisted surgery are often early stage patients with small tumor size. A lot of efforts should be made and problems should be solved.
【Abstract】 Objective The effects and the complications of anhydrous alcohol intra-abdominal coeliac plexus block were studied for treating unresectable pancreatic cancer pain. Methods From Jan.2001 to Sep.2005, 61 patients with severe pancreatic cancer pain and accompanied gastrointestinal tract obstruction were treated by anhydrous alcohol intra-abdominal coeliac plexus block and palliative surgical therapy. Pain-relief, KPS and complications in 3 months after operation were observed. Results The cancer pain in all patients was controlled in one week after the block (P＜0.05). KPS was improved (P＜0.05). Three months after operation, 45(86.5%) patients were without pain or with only light pain. There were no severe complications. Conclusion Anhydrous alcohol intra-abdominal coeliac plexus block is a method with safe and good effective and less complications for the treatment of pancreatic carcinomatous pain.
ObjectiveTo systematically analyze the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer globally and in China from 2018–2022 based on GLOBOCAN 2018, 2020, and 2022 editions released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and summarize the main influencing factors to provide reference for the formulation of prevention and control strategies and clinical practice of pancreatic cancer in China. MethodsWe collected and organized data on pancreatic cancer incidence cases, death cases, crude incidence, crude mortality, age-standardized incidence rate by world standard population (ASIRW), and age-standardized mortality rate by world standard population (ASMRW) from the GLOBOCAN database. Combined with socioeconomic parameters such as human development index (HDI) and national income levels, we conducted comparative analysis of the distribution characteristics of pancreatic cancer globally and in China across different regions, age groups, and genders. ResultsFrom 2018 to 2022, incidence number of global pancreatic cancer increased from 458 000 cases to 511 000 cases in 2022, with crude incidence rising from 5.4/100 000 to 6.5/100 000. Deaths increased from 432 000 cases to 467 000 cases, with crude mortality rising from 5.7/100 000 to 5.9/100 000, while ASMRW decreased from 4.4/100 000 to 4.3/100 000. In China, incidence number of pancreatic cancer increased from 116 000 cases in 2018 to 119 000 cases in 2022, accounting for 23.3% of global cases, with crude incidence maintained at (8–9)/100 000. Deaths decreased from 110 000 cases to 106 000 cases, with crude mortality declining from 7.8/100 000 to 7.5/100 000 and ASMRW decreasing from 4.9/100 000 to 3.9/100 000. In 2022, countries with very high HDI had pancreatic cancer ASIRW of 7.9/100 000 and ASMRW of 6.9/100 000, significantly higher than low HDI countries at 1.4/100 000 and 1.3/100 000. Pancreatic cancer incidence showed clear age-related patterns, with the ≥75 age group having 191 157 new cases globally (crude incidence of 63.3/100 000) and 37 722 cases in China (crude incidence of 51.2/100 000). Both globally and in China, males showed higher incidence and mortality than females. ConclusionsPancreatic cancer is becoming an important public health challenge globally and in China, with incidence and mortality likely to continue rising in the future. Comprehensive prevention and control measures including tobacco control, obesity management, and diabetes monitoring should be strengthened. Early screening and standardized diagnosis and treatment for high-risk populations are crucial for improving pancreatic cancer survival rates. Improving the national cancer registry system and integrating multidisciplinary collaborative models can lay a solid foundation for precision prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Objective To explore the application of artificial intelligence in the risk assessment and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, and to point out its limitations and future suggestions, so as to promote the further application of artificial intelligence in the future. Method The related literatures on the application of artificial intelligence in the risk assessment and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed. Results The usage of artificial intelligence models to assess high-risk patients was beneficial to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, although more data were needed to support its role in pancreatic cancer screening. In terms of early diagnosis, artificial intelligence technology could rapidly locate high-risk groups through medical imaging, pathological examination, biomarkers, and so on, and then detected pancreatic cancer at an early stage. Conclusion Despite some limitations, artificial intelligence will play an important role in the early diagnosis and risk prediction of pancreatic cancer in the future due to its powerful computational power.
ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of miR-451a on the proliferation and apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer BxPc3 cells, and to explore its molecular mechanisms.MethodsThe liposome transfection mimics of miR-451a were established in the BxPc3 cells, which were used as the research objects, and different concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 μmol/L) of miR-451a and blank control group were set up respectively. The expression of miR-451a mRNA in the BxPc3 cells after the transfection was detected by the qRT-PCR method. The effects of miR-451a at different concentrations on the proliferation, cell clone number, cell cycle and apoptosis, and the expressions of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), calcium binding protein 39 (CAB39), phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (p-PI3K) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) proteins in the BxPc3 cells were detected by the MTT assay, plate cloning assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot, respectively.ResultsThe expressions of miR-451a mRNA in the transfected BxPc3 cells were significantly higher than in the blank control BxPc3 cells (P<0.050). The miR-451a could inhibit the proliferation of BxPc3 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner significantly (P<0.050), block the differentiation of BxPc3 cells in the G0/G1 phase, and induce the apoptosis with a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.050). The expressions of MIF, CAB39, p-PI3K, and p-AKT proteins in the BxPc3 cells were down-regulated with a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.050).ConclusionFrom results of this study, miR-451a could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of BxPc3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and its mechanisms might be related to inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
ObjectiveTo explore the application value of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.MethodThe domestic and foreign literatures about studies of HIFU treating advanced pancreatic cancer in recent years were retrieved and summarized.ResultsHIFU could prolong the survival time, control pain, and enhance the body’s immune function in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. There were no obvious serious complications during the treatment process. The combined treatment with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine could obviously prolong the survival time and improve the quality of life for the patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.ConclusionsHIFU is an important component in the comprehensive treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. However, because there is no uniform standard for the dosage of HIFU treatment, the sample size of many related studies is small, so the research results have certain limitations, so more studies are needed to improve their understanding of advanced pancreatic cancer in order to better serve clinical workin future.
Objective To summarize the role of exosomal proteins in the occurrence, development, and diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer, providing a reference for the exploration of biomarkers and therapeutic targets in this field. MethodA systematic review of recent domestic and international literature on the mechanisms of exosomes and their proteins in pancreatic cancer was conducted. ResultsProteins carried by tumor-derived exosomes, such as galectin-3 binding protein, V-set andimmunoglobulin domain containing 2, Zrt- and Irt-like protein 4, aspartate aminotransferase 1, could effectively regulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the cell behavior, playing an important role in the occurrence, progression, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Additionally, exosomal proteins could serve as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. For example, exosomal membrane proteins DNAJ heat shock protein family (HSP40) member B11, and glypican 1 were highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues, indicating their potential. ConclusionExosomal proteins are expected to become novel biomarkers and intervention targets for the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of pancreatic cancer, providing new ideas for improving the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Objective To summarize the progress in related basic research of molecular targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer. Method The relevant literatures on oncogenes, epigenome, tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy in recent years at home and abroad were reviewed. ResultsIn basic research, molecularly targeted drugs had shown some efficacy in the treatment of progression of pancreatic cancer, however, in clinical trials, more satisfactory results were not achieved. Conclusion Molecularly targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer are still at a preliminary stage of exploration, and basic research has not yet been effectively translated clinically, which requires further exploration efforts in subsequent studies to provide a more solid and reliable basis for precise treatment of pancreatic cancer and achieve better clinical benefits.
ObjectiveTo investigate the working principles, recent advances, and combined therapeutic efficacy of irreversible electroporation (IRE) in pancreatic cancer treatment when integrated with conventional therapies (e.g., surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy), and to evaluate its potential for improving patient survival outcomes and quality of life. MethodsA comprehensive analysis of recent IRE researches in pancreatic cancer was performed, elucidating therapeutic mechanisms, technical merits, clinical limitations, and combinatorial effects with conventional therapies through examination of clinical trials and prospective studies. ResultsIRE induces irreversible nanopores in tumor cell membranes via high-intensity electric fields, disrupting membrane integrity and triggering apoptotic cell death. Notably, it promotes immunogenic cell death, activating dendritic cells and initiating tumor-specific immune responses. When combined with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy, IRE enhances therapeutic efficacy, prolongs survival in locally advanced pancreatic cancer patients, reduces postoperative recurrence rates, and significantly improves quality of life. ConclusionsAs a non-thermal ablation technique, IRE demonstrates unique advantages in localized pancreatic cancer treatment, particularly for surgically ineligible patients, and serves as a potent adjunct to traditional therapies. With technological refinements and accumulating clinical evidence, IRE is poised to play an increasingly pivotal role in future oncology practice.
