Purpose
To discuss changes of macular choriocapillaris hemodynamics in AMD.
Methods
Eighty-six eyes of 86 patients underwent ICGA,including macular drusen in 15 eyes of 15 patients,exudative AMD in 52 eyes of 52 patients,atrophic AMD in 19 eyes of 19 patients,for the observation of macular choriocapillaris perfusion.
Results
Choriocapillaris filling phase (CFP) of exudative AMD was obviously longer than that of eyes with normal, atrophic AMD and drusen groups (P＜0.05). Forty eyes had local or extensive choroidal filling deficiency and prolongation, including 24 eyes of exudative AMD, 12 eyes of atrophic AMD,and 4 eyes of drusen group.
Conclusion
CFP of macula is prolonged and choriocapillaris perfusion is abnormal in AMD and macular drusen eyes.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 116-118)
Objective
To evaluate glaucoma and anterior chamber angle changes after intravitreal silicone oil injection(SOI).
Methods
The intraocular pressure(IOP) and anterior chamber angles of 34 e yes(33 patients)undergone pars plana vitrectomy and SOI were observed.
Results
Glaucoma occurred in 9 eyes(26%),in which silicone oil glaucoma(SOG) accounted for 77%(7/9).The changes of the superior part of anterior chamber angle were peripheral anterior synechiae in 11 eye(32%) and SO emulsification droplets in 22 eyes(64%) in 1～4.5 months after surgeries.Glaucoma occurred in 6 eyes of 7 eyes undergone peripheral iridectomy at the inferio r part of the iris after the closure of iridectomy holes (plt;0.05).
Conclusion
High incidence of glaucoma was found in this series of patients after intravitreal silicone oil injection,and the main causes of SOG were closure of the inferior iridecomy hole and silicone emulsification.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:105-107)
The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is more complex. For the upstream of traditional pathogenesis, to looking for unifying mechanism theory which proposed in foundation of common promoters and the latest view of DR may be the result of chronic inflammation. Both of them provide the basic and clinical theraby of DR with new direction. Therefore, there are many related issues still needs to intensive study.
（Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2008，24：237-239）
Purpose
To investigate retinoic acid (RA) induced apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.
Methods
10-5、10-6、10-7 mol/L were added to cultured PRE cells.Aridine orange fluorescence and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling(TUNEL) techniques were used to observe apoptotic changes.
Resultss
10-5、10-6、10-7 mol/L RA induced apoptosis in RPE cells.Cell shringkage,chromatin condensation and nuclear DNA fragmentation of RPE cells were observed by TUNEL technique.When 10-7、10-6、10-5mol/L RA treated RPE cells for 5 days,apoptotic index(AI)was 36.9%、4409% and 61.4% respectively,and 48.0%、59.9%、74.2% for 6 days.At the same concentration of RA,AI increased when time prolonged．At the same day,AI increased when the concentration of RA rose.There was significant difference in the results(Plt;0.05).
Conclusion
Our results showed that RA-induced apoptosis in RPE cells was detected with a good dose and time response.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:153-155)
Objective To test the hypothesis that the macular pigment may be a marker of foveal cone function and consequently the structural integrity of foveal cones.Methods Sixteen patients (32 eyes) diagnosed to have Stargardt dystrophy and three patients with full thickness macular holes by clinical criteria were studied with a scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) comparing argon laser blue and infrared images for the presence or absence of macular pigment (MP) in the fovea. An C++ computer based program was used to evaluate the density of MP. Eyes were graded into three categories: those without foveal macular pigment, those with partial pigment and those with normal amounts of macular pigment. These categories were compared with visual acuity determined by the Snellen chart. Results Thirteen eyes with a visual acuity of 20/200 or worse had no macular pigment in the fovea. Eleven eyes with visual acuity of 20/40 or better had a normal amount of macular pigment in the fovea and 1 eye had partial macular pigment. Eleven eyes with partial macular pigment had intermediary acuity value.Conclusions Foveal macular pigment is closely related to foveal cone acuity and therefore may be a marker for the presence of foveal cones. Infrared light is a sensitive indicator of early macular diseases.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：201-268)
Objective To observe the characteristics of the full-field flash electroretinogram (F-ERG) in rats with oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods Twenty-four neonatal Sprague Dawley rats were divided into OIR group and control group. In OIR group, 12 rats were exposed to (75±2)% oxygen for 7 days and then to room air for 7 days; in control group, 12 rats were raised in room air for 14 days. At postnatal day 21, F-ERG tests were performed to examine the rod response , the maximum mixing reaction and the cone reaction. Results Compared with the control group, the b-wave amplitudes decreased (t=3.650) and the implicit times increased (t=2.410) in rod response in OIR group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05); the a- and b-wave amplitudes decreased (t=3.333, 2.562) and the implicit times increased (t=2.725, 2.482) in the maximum mixing reaction in OIR group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). There was no difference between OIR and control group on a- and b-wave amplitudes (t=0.650, 0.204) and implicit times (t=0.422, 0.076) in cone response (P＞0.05). 0.001 cd.s/m2 light intensity stimulation on rats F-ERG wave almost no response. 0.010 cd.s/m2 light intensity stimulation on rats can be recorded to the rod response waveform, with the increase of light intensity, the amplitude of b-wave increases, the a-wave extraction. Conclusions F-ERG of OIR rat showed that the amplitude and sensitivity of the rod response and maximal rod-cone response was decreased. The intensity of light had effect on the OIR rod cells, and the amplitude of b- wave increased with the increase of light intensity, the a-wave extraction.
ObjectiveTo observe the contrast sensitivity (CS) of patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) without involving the macular region.
Methods92 BRVO patients (93 eyes) and 56 cases (112 eyes) without eye diseases (control group) were included in the study. According to different region, BRVO patients were divided into the nasal BRVO group (31 eyes) and temporal BRVO (62 eyes) group, and the average corrected visual acuity was 1.02±0.13 and 0.98±0.12 respectively. According to the type of ischemia, BRVO patients were divided into the nonischemic BRVO group (58 eyes) and ischemic BRVO group (35 eyes), the average corrected visual acuity was 1.01±0.14 and 0.99±0.12 respectively. The average corrected visual acuity of the control group was 1.03±0.11. There was no statistically significant difference of the average corrected visual acuity between nasal BRVO group, temporal BRVO group and control group (F=3.03, P=0.06), and between nonischemic BRVO group, ischemic BRVO group and control group (F=1.60,P=0.20). Contrast sensitivity (CS) was measured by OPTEC 6500 vision tester (Stereo Company, USA) under the standard lighting conditions and different spatial frequencies including low (1.5 and 3.0 c/d), medium (6.0 c/d) and high frequencies (12.0 and 18.0 c/d).
ResultsThe CS under each spatial frequency of the nasal BRVO group was the same as the control group (t=4.25, 9.48, 3.08, 5.86, 0.94; P>0.05), but the CS under each spatial frequency of the temporal BRVO group was different from the control group (t=8.59, 19.11, 10.38, 17.28, 6.01; P<0.05). The CS under high spatial frequency of the temporal and nasal BRVO group was statistically different (t=11.42, 6.95; P<0.05). The CS under each spatial frequency of the ischemic BRVO group was different from the control group (t=8.88, 10.56, 11.64, 19.06, 6.67; P<0.05).The CS under 6, 12 and 18 c/d spatial frequency of the nonischemic BRVO group was statistically different with the control group (t=10.14, 11.54, 2.82; P<0.05). The CS under 12 and 18 c/d spatial frequency of the nonischemic BRVO group was statistically different with the ischemic BRVO (t=7.52, 3.84; P<0.05).
ConclusionsThe CS of the temporal BRVO and ischemic BRVO decreased more significantly under each spatial frequency. CS is a better indicator to evaluate the visual function than the visual acuity in BRVO without involving the macular region.
ObjectiveTo observe the expression of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) and transforming growth factor-β2(TGF-β2) in vitreous specimens and epiretinal membranes of patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy diseases.
MethodsVitreous specimens and epiretinal membranes were obtained from 48 patients (48 eyes) with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and 50 patients (50 eyes) with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Vitreous specimens and internal limiting membranes were collected from 20 patients (20 eyes) with idiopathic macular hole (IMH) as control group. The expression of HSP47 and TGF-β2 in the vitreous specimens was evaluated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of HSP47, TGF-β2, typesⅠandⅢcollagen in epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane specimens were observed for immunohistochemical staining method. The correlation between the positive expression of HSP47 and TGF-β2, typesⅠandⅢcollagen in epiretinal membrane specimens of patients with PVR and PDR were analyzed.
ResultsThe expression of HSP47 in vitreous specimens of patients with PVR, PDR and IMH were (212.35±23.32), (231.30±26.79), (171.06±28.91) pg/ml, respectively. The expression of TGF-β2 in vitreous specimens of patients with PVR, PDR and IMH were (1919.96±318.55), (1939.39±177.57), (1194.61±234.20) pg/ml, respectively. The expression of HSP47, TGF-β2 in the vitreous specimens of patients with PVR and PDR were significantly increased compared with patients with IMH and the difference was statistically significant (F=12.952, 34.532;P < 0.01). The epiretinal membrane of patients with PVR and PDR showed markedly increased expression of HSP47, TGF-β2, typesⅠandⅢcollagen in the cytoplasm and extracellular matrix. The expression of HSP47 and typeⅢcollagen was negative and the expression of TGF-β2 was weakly positive and the expression of typesⅠcollagen was positive in internal limiting membrane of patients with IMH. The expression of HSP47, TGF-β2, typesⅠandⅢcollagen in the epiretinal membrane of patients with PVR and PDR were significantly increased compared with patients with IMH and the difference was statistically significant (F=13.469, 18.752, 12.875, 20.358; P < 0.01). The expression of HSP47 was positively correlated with the positive expression of TGF-β2, typesⅠandⅢcollagen in epiretinal membrane specimens of patients with PVR (r=0.475, 0.556, 0.468; P < 0.05) and PDR (r=0.484, 0.589, 0.512; P < 0.05).
ConclusionsThis study showed increased consistent expression of HSP47 and TGF-β2 in vitreous and epiretinal membrane specimens of patients with PVR and PDR. Both HSP47 and TGF-β2 were expressed in the cytoplasm and extracellular matrix. HSP47 and TGF-β2 may be involved in the pathological process of PDR and PVR by promoting collagen synthesis.
Purpose
To investigate the status of proliferation and activation of vascular endothelial cells in preretinal neovascular membranes from patients with insulin dependent diabetetes mellitus(IDDM)by means of immunohistochemical techniques.
Methods
Status of vascular endothelial cells in 18 preretinal neovascular membranes from 18 patients with IDDM was studied by double-immunofluorescence technique and the alkaline phosphataes-anti-alkaline phosphatase(APAAP)technique and compared the findings with the main clinical features of the patients.
Results
Of 18 vascularized membranes,16(88.9%)contained proliferating endothelial cells (positive for proliferating vascular endothelial cell marker EN 7/44) and 14 (77.8%) were positive for endothelial cell activation marker anti-VCAM-1;furthermore,by using a double staining technique,we found that in 14 of the 16 cases(87.5%) the proliferating vascular endothelial cells were activated (expressing VCAM-1).
Conclusion
The proliferation and activation of the vascular endothelial cells of the newly formed vessels in preretinal neovascular membranes suggests the significance of the vascular endothelial cells in the pathophysiology and the progress of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:141-143)
Objective To demonstrate if apoptosis is one of the mechanisms of siderotic retinopathy. Methods Autoclaved iron particles were implanted in the vitreous cavities of 32 eyes of SD rats.Glass chips were implanted in 10 control eyes.The experimental eyes were enucleated at various time intervals from days 1 to 15.Retinal degeneration was examined using the TdT-mediated,dUTP-biotin nickend labeling(TUNEL)method.Electrophoresis on agarose gel was used to detect internucleosomal DNA fragmentation.Results TUNEL-positive nuclei were observed only in the outer nuclear layer beginning on day 2.The nuclei spread throughout the outer nuclear layer by the end of day 3.No TUNEL-positive nuclei were observed in other layers throughout the experimental perios.Analysis of DNA,extracted from the retinas by electrophoresis on agarose gel,revealed a typical ladder pattern of internucleosoma DNA cleavage in the experimental eyes.ConclusionApoptosis of photoreceptors occurs at the early phase of iron-induced retinopathy in the rats.
