With advancements in the concepts and techniques of liver cancer treatment, surgical management of liver cancer is advancing toward greater precision and individualization. This article systematically reviews the development of precision surgery for liver cancer, with a focus on the modern concept of anatomical liver resection based on portal vein watershed anatomy and liver segmentation. It evaluates the application and value of key technologies such as fluorescence navigation, hepatic segment blood flow control, and robotic surgery, and discusses the “dual-conversion therapy” strategy for unresectable liver cancer. This work provides theoretical insights and practical guidance for the precision and innovation of surgical treatment in liver cancer.
