ObjectiveTo establish multidrugresistance cell substrain of human hepatocellular carcinoma and to investigate its characteristics.MethodsSMMC7721 cell strain was cultured in Adriamycin(ADM). The multidrugresistance cell substrain SMMC7721/ADM was harvested after a long period of culture by gradually increasing the concentration of ADM and its characteristics were investigated. Results①The drug resistance of SMMC7721/ADM to ADM increased by 33.3 times, to Vincristine 16.8 times, to Diamminedichloroplatinum 2.8 times. ②The drug resistance cell substrain had almost the same growth velocity as its parental generation. The doubling time was 32.0 hours and 30.5 hours respectively. They had the analogous growth curves. ③The obvious difference between the drug resistance cell substrain and its parental generation was that the former’s microvilli became thick, short and scattered by scanning and transmitting electron microscopy. ④The multidrug resistance cell substrain kept the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma, it could be transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue of nude mice. ⑤The drug resistance of the cell substrain reduced to 28.0% and 9.2%after removal of the drug for 1 month and 2 months respectively, its drug resistance could remain stable (35.4 times) after 2 months of culture in ADM (0.04 μg/ml).ConclusionThe SMMC7721/ADM cell substrain has the stable fundamental characteristics of a drug resistance cell strain.
Mouse animal models are the most commonly used experimental tools in scientific research, which have been widely favored by researchers. The animal model of mouse leukemia appeared in the 1930s. During the past 90 years, researchers have developed various types of mouse leukemia models to simulate the development and treatment of human leukemia in order to promote effectively the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of leukemia' development and progression, as well as the development of targeted drugs for the treatment of leukemia. Considering that to myeloid leukemia, especially acute myeloid leukemia, there currently is no good clinical treatment, it is urgent to clarify its new molecular mechanism and develop new therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the various types of mouse models about myeloid leukemia used commonly in recent years, including mouse strains, myeloid leukemia cell types, and modeling methods, which are expected to provide a reference for relevant researchers to select animal models during myeloid leukemia research.
ObjectiveTo evaluate myocardial segmental motion function in left ventricular of patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis by using the technology of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE).
MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 14 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis between October and November 2014 in our hospital as a trial group. There were 4 males and 10 females with a mean age of 50.9±9.0 years ranging from 34 to 64 years. We chose 11 healthy individuals as a control group. There were 7 males and 4 females with a mean age of 49.5±9.7 years ranging from 32 to 67 years. Both the two groups were subjected to myocardial performance evaluation using two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) to examine the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV), longitudinal strain, circumferential strain, area strain, and lateral strain of each left ventricular myocardial segments. Result RT-3DE detected that the trial group had significantly lower values of LVEF, LVEDV and LVESV than those of the control group (P < 0.05). RT-3DE also revealed that the trial group had a significantly weaker longitudinal strain than the control group (P < 0.05).
ConclusionRT-3DE is an accurate technology for assessing myocardial motion and function in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease.
Objective
To evaluate the significance of the ultrasound elastography (UE) strain ratio (SR) in the diagnosis of breast nodule by meta-analysis.
Methods
A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed, The Cochrane Library (Issue 6, 2017), EMbase, CNKI, VIP, CBM, WanFang data databases, and so on (establishment time to June 2017), to collect the relevant diagnostic trials of the SR for breast nodules. Two reviewers independently screened literatures, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological quality of included studies. The meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 12.0 and Meta-Disc 1.4 software, and the combined indexes included sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR–), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR).
Results
A total of 26 studies were finally included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, the pooled Sen, Spe, LR+, LR–, and DOR was 0.88 (95% CI was 0.87 to 0.90), 0.85 (95% CI was 0.84 to 0.86), 6.66 (95% CI was 5.26 to 8.43), 0.14 (95% CI was 0.11 to 0.17), and 53.37 (95% CI was 34.96 to 81.49), respectively, P<0.000 1.
Conclusion
SR has high diagnostic accuracy in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast nodules, it is worthy of widely utilized in the clinic.
ObjectiveTo explore the value of ultrasound real-time tissue elastography in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods A total of 131 cases of patients with breast lesions who underwent ultrasound examination in the People’s Hospital of Guangan City between December 2010 and December 2015 were enrolled as the research object. The patients took conventional color Doppler ultrasound diagnosis firstly, and then took ultrasound real-time tissue elastography diagnosis. The lesions were scored with improved 5-scoring system respectively. By the strain ratio measure method equipped with the ultrasonic machine, strain ratio of the lesion was calculated, with 3.08 as the cut-off pont. The results were campared with the pathologic diagnosis.ResultsThere were 182 breast lumps in the 131 patients. The conventional ultrasound examination detected 128 benign lesions and 54 malignant lesions. By ultrasound real-time tissue elastography examination, there were 121 benign tumors and 61 malignant tumors. For the benign tumors, the elasticity imaging score was 1.74±0.81, and the elastic strain rate ratio was 1.83±1.22; for the malignant tumors, the elasticity imaging score was 4.45±0.59, and the elastic strain rate ratio was 8.68±5.58. The 182 breast lumps were all removed by surgical resection, and the pathologic examination showed there were 121 benign lesions and 61 malignant lesions. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of conventional ultrasonic diagnosis of breast malignant lesions was 76.4%, 59.0% and 85.1%, respectively; while the indexes of ultrasound real-time tissue elastography diagnosis of breast malignant lesions was 96.7%, 95.1% and 97.5%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionReal-time tissue elastography is helpful in the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign breast lesions.
The requirement for unconstrained monitoring of heartbeat during sleep is increasing, but the current detection devices can not meet the requirements of convenience and accuracy. This study designed an unconstrained ballistocardiogram (BCG) detection system using acceleration sensor and developed a heart rate extraction algorithm. BCG is a directional signal which is stronger and less affected by respiratory movements along spine direction than in other directions. In order to measure the BCG signal along spine direction during sleep, a 3-axis acceleration sensor was fixed on the bed to collect the vibration signals caused by heartbeat. An approximate frequency range was firstly assumed by frequency analysis to the BCG signals and segmental filtering was conducted to the original vibration signals within the frequency range. Secondly, to identify the true BCG waveform, the accurate frequency band was obtained by comparison with the theoretical waveform. The J waves were detected by BCG energy waveform and an adaptive threshold method was proposed to extract heart rates by using the information of both amplitude and period. The accuracy and robustness of the BCG detection system proposed and the algorithm developed in this study were confirmed by comparison with electrocardiogram (ECG). The test results of 30 subjects showed a high average accuracy of 99.21% to demonstrate the feasibility of the unconstrained BCG detection method based on vibration acceleration.
Aiming at the disadvantages of traditional direct aperture optimization (DAO) method, such as slow convergence rate, prone to stagnation and weak global searching ability, a gradient-based direct aperture optimization (GDAO) is proposed. In this work, two different optimization methods are used to optimize the shapes and the weights of the apertures. Firstly, in order to improve the validity of the aperture shapes optimization of each search, the traditional simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is improved, the gradient is introduced to the algorithm. The shapes of the apertures are optimized by the gradient based SA method. At the same time, the constraints between the leaves of multileaf collimator (MLC) have been fully considered, the optimized aperture shapes are meeting the requirements of clinical radiation therapy. After that, the weights of the apertures are optimized by the limited-memory BFGS for bound-constrained (L-BFGS-B) algorithm, which is simple in calculation, fast in convergence rate, and suitable for solving large scale constrained optimization. Compared with the traditional SA algorithm, the time cost of this program decreased by 15.90%; the minimum dose for the planning target volume was improved by 0.29%, the highest dose for the planning target volume was reduced by 0.45%; the highest dose for the bladder and rectum, which are the organs at risk, decreased by 0.25% and 0.09%, respectively. The results of experiment show that the new algorithm can produce highly efficient treatment planning a short time and can be used in clinical practice.
ObjectiveTo explore the distribution of multidrug resistant organism in neonates admitted to the hospital through various ways, and analyze the risk factors in order to avoid cross infection of multidrug resistant organism in neonatology department.
MethodsA total of 2 124 neonates were monitored from January 2012 to July 2013, among which 1 119 were admitted from outpatient department (outpatient group), 782 were transferred from other departments (other department group), and 223 were from other hospitals (other hospital group). We analyzed their hospital stays, weight, average length of stay, and drug-resistant strains, and their relationship with nosocomial infection.
ResultsAmong the 105 drug-resistant strains, there were 57 from the outpatient group, 27 from the other department group, and 21 from the other hospital group. The positive rate in the patients transferred from other hospitals was the highest (9.42%). Neonates with the hospital stay of more than 14 days and weighing 1 500 g or less were the high-risk groups of drug-resistant strains in nosocomial infection. Drug-resistant strains of nosocomial infection detected in the patients admitted through different ways were basically identical.
ConclusionWe should strengthen screening, isolation, prevention and control work in the outpatient neonate. At the same time, we can't ignore the prevention and control of the infection in neonates from other departments or hospitals, especially the prevention and control work in neonates with the hospital stay of more than 14 days and weighing 1 500 g or less to reduce the occurrence of multiple drug-resistant strains cross infection.
By using Urist s method four types of BMG from the long bones of the rabbit、 pig、sheep、 and human being were prepared. Each of them was implanted into the pectoralis and thigh muscles in 25 adult rats, respectiely. Two-eight weeks after implantation, the unoreaction and inductive osteogensis potential in the tissues were observed under mieroscope. The result showed that aBMG had inductive osteogenesis potential. However, rejection in varying digree existed around aBMG. It was important to further decrease the antingenicity digree exised around a BMG . and enhance its osteogennic potential before the possibility of its clinical application.
Objective
To investigate the clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by using the condylar constrained knee prosthesis in the treatment of destructive hemophilic arthritis.
Methods
Between September 2007 and July 2015, 8 cases (8 knees) of destructive hemophilic arthritis accepted TKA by using condylar constrained knee prosthesis. All patients were male, aged 22 to 56 years, with an average age of 35 years. The disease course of hemophilia A was 3-30 years (mean, 17.3 years). Preoperative range of motion (ROM) was (68.1±32.6)°; the flexion deformity was (14.38±16.13)°. Six patients had valgus of 7-35° (mean, 17.3°), of whom, one had fixed dislocation of patella; and one had varus of 15°. Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score was 52.5±12.9. Pre-operative X-ray film examination demonstrated narrowing of the knee gap and cystic degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone.
Results
All patients achieved primary wound healing, and were followed up 1-9 years (mean, 5 years). Tense blister with common peroneal nerve damage and extension penetrating into distal tibial cortex occurred in 1 case respectively, which were cured corresponding treatment. At last follow-up, the knee ROM and the flexion deformity were significantly improved to (98.1±8.9)° and (0.63±1.77)° (t=–2.527,P=0.036;t=2.396,P=0.047). At 2 weeks after operation and last follow-up, the HSS scores were significantly increased to 77.3±11.0 and 85.0±9.0 (P<0.05). X-ray film showed that lower extremity alignment returned to normal in patients with varus and valgus.
Conclusion
Good curative effect can be get by using condylar constrained knee prosthesis in TKA for the treatment of destructive hemophilic arthritis.
