ObjectiveTo investigate the anatomic distribution of hepatic nerves in liver and summarize the physiological and pathological functions of autonomic nervous system in liver.MethodThe literatures of studies related to human and animal liver neuroanatomy and function in recent years were reviewed, and the physiological and pathological functions involved in liver were summarized according to sympathetic nerve and vagus nerve, respectively.ResultHepatic nerves were mainly involved in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, immune response, inflammation, hemodynamics, alcoholic liver disease, tumor metastasis, and liver regeneration after injury.ConclusionThe mechanism of nerve regulation in liver is complex, and understanding these mechanisms provides a general new idea for the future treatment strategies for liver diseases.
Resistant hypertension poses a challenge in hypertension management, as some patients still experience difficulty in achieving stable blood pressure control despite undergoing standard treatment. Renal denervation (RDN) provides a device-based therapeutic alternative to pharmacotherapy by modulating renal sympathetic nerve activity. In recent years, with the advancement of ablation techniques such as radiofrequency and ultrasound, coupled with the accumulation of evidence from sham surgery control studies and long-term follow-up studies, the clinical value and application boundaries of RDN have garnered renewed attention. This article aims to summarize the progress of RDN in the treatment of refractory hypertension, highlighting its clinical research evidence, target population, renal safety, guideline positioning, and future research directions, with the hope of providing a reference for its standardized clinical application.
