ObjectiveTo observe and analyze the influencing factors for the prognosis of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug treatment in patients with macular neovascularization (MNV) under 45 years old. MethodsA retrospective clinical case study. A total of 89 MNV patients with 96 eyes who were diagnosed and treated with anti-VEGF drugs in Department of Ophthalmology of The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2020 to January 2024 were included in the study. The ages of all patients were ＜45 years old. All patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations; 49 eyes underwent OCT angiography (OCTA) examination. The BCVA examination was carried out using the international standard visual acuity chart and was converted into the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity for statistics. The macular foveal thickness (CMT) was measured using an OCT instrument. The size of the MNV lesion was measured using the software of the OCTA self-contained device. The affected eyes were given intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs once, and then the drugs were administered as needed after evaluation. The follow-up time after treatment was ≥6 months. During the follow-up, relevant examinations were performed using the same equipment and methods as before treatment. The last follow-up was taken as the time point for efficacy evaluation. According to the OCT image characteristics of the MNV lesions, the affected eyes were divided into the fibrous scar group and the non-fibrous scar group, with 52 (54.16%, 52/96) and 44 (45.83%, 44/96) eyes respectively. Comparing the CMT and BCVA at the last follow-up with those at the baseline, the affected eyes were divided into the CMT reduction group, the CMT increase group, the BCVA improvement group and the BCVA reduction group, with 66 (68.75%, 66/96), 30 (31.25%, 30/96) eyes and 74 (77.08%, 74/96), 22 (22.92%, 22/96) eyes respectively. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of non-normally distributed measurement data between groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent factors affecting the prognosis of MNV patients. ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in the age (Z=?0.928) and gender composition ratio (χ2= 0.123) between the fibrous scar group and the non-fibrous scar group (P＞0.05); there were statistically significant differences in the number of eyes with a follow-up time of ≥36 months and ＜36 months (χ2= 3.906, P=0.048); there were statistically significant differences in the size of the MNV lesions (Z=?2.385, P=0.017); there were statistically significant differences in the number of eyes with different vascular network morphologies (χ2=12.936, P=0.001). Before treatment and at the last follow-up, the CMT of the affected eyes was 267.50 (237.25, 311.75) μm and 242.00 (217.25, 275.75) μm respectively; logMAR BCVA was 0.20 (0.10, 0.50) and 0.35 (0.16, 0.60) logMAR respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the CMT and logMAR BCVA before treatment and at the last follow-up (Z=?3.311,?1.984; P=0.001, 0.047). There were statistically significant differences in different ages (Z=?2.284), myopic diopter (χ2=7.437), etiology (χ2=6.956), and disease course (Z=?1.687) between the CMT reduction group and the CMT increase group (P＜0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the number of eyes with different subjective feelings between the BCVA improvement group and the BCVA reduction group (χ2=10.133, P＜0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the etiology was an independent risk factor for CMT thickening. ConclusionsAge, etiology, myopic diopter, disease course, follow-up time, lesion size and the morphology of the neovascular network are the influencing factors for the prognosis of anti-VEGF drug treatment in MNV patients under 45 years old. The etiology is an independent risk factor for CMT increase.
Objective
To investigate the effects of phacoemulsification on macula in diabetics．
Methods
Thirty eyes of cataract in diabetics were chosen randomly for measurement of the thickness of fovea of retina using OCT before phacoemulsification and 1 month after surgery ． The other eyes in these patients and 30 eyes of cataract in nondiabetic pati ents with phacoemulsification were as control．
Results
In 30 eyes of diabetics with phacoemulsification, the mean fovea thickness were (148．5plusmn;27．7) mu;m preoperatively and (219．4plusmn;68．23) mu;m postoperatively, and the difference was significant (Plt;0．05)． In 30 eyes of diabetics without surgery, the mean foveal thickness were (147.4plusmn;27.5) mu;m preoperatively and (148.2plusmn;27.3) mu;m postoperatively and the difference was not significant (Pgt;0．05)． In 30 eyes of cataract in nondiabetic patients, the mean fovea thickness were (142．37plusmn;12．7) mu;m preoperatively and (151．9plusmn;23．7) mu;m postoperatively and the difference was not significant (Pgt;0．05)． In 30 eyes of diabetic s with phacoemulsification, 11 eyes had new macula edema after surgery and 3 eye s had significant retinal thickening． In 6 eyes with macular edema before surgery, the macular edema were aggravated in 3 eyes after surgery． The macular stru ctural changes were not found in two control groups．
Conclusion
The thickness of retina is inreased after phacoemulsification in deabetics,and morbidity and its severity of postopevative macular edema are increas ed as well．
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:175-177)
Prostate cancer ranks second among the causes of death of malignant tumors in middle-aged and elderly men. A considerable number of patients are not easily detected in early-stage prostate cancer. Although traditional imaging examinations are of high value in the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer, they also have certain limitations. With the development of nuclear medicine instruments and molecular probes, molecular imaging is playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a probe has gained increasing recognition. This article will review the latest progress in the application of PET/CT using probes for targeting PSMA to imaging and treatment of prostate cancer, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of probes for targeting PSMA in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
Purpose
To investigate the relationship between the changes of the thickness of retina in macula and the abnormalities in multifocal electroretinog rams (mERG) in diabetic retinopathy.
Methods
mERG and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination were performed in 38 patients (60 eyes) with DR (phase Ⅲ～Ⅳ). The data were processed with software SPSS and line relation analysis was done.
Results
The response densities of N1, P1 and N2 in central 5deg; area was significantly negative related to the thickness of neuroretina in macular fovea (correlation efficient -0.252～-0.266，Plt;0.05). The response density of N2 in central 10deg; area was also significantly negative related to the thickness of neuroretina in macular fovea (correlation efficient -0. 332，P=0.01).There was no significant relationship between the latencies of N1 in central 5deg;, 10deg; area and the thickness of macula, whereares the latenc ies of P1 and N2 in central 5deg; were negatively related to the thickness of retinal pigment epithelium in the macular fovea (correlation efficient-0.271～ - 0.322，Plt;0.05).
Conclusion
The changes of the thickness of neuroretina in macula may affect the local retinal function in macula, which may be revealed by the reduction of response densities in mERG in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:257-259)
Objective To discuss the application of dual-source computed tomography （CT） low dose technology in the upper abdomen enhanced inspection. Methods?Six hundred consecutive patients from July 2011 to February 2012 in this hospital were orderly divided into ordinal tube current （210?mAs） group and low dose tube current group （200 mAs，190?mAs，180?mAs，170?mAs，and 165?mAs）. The standard deviation （SD） of subcutaneous fat，signal to noise ratio （SNR） of liver and pancreas， contrast to noise ratio （CNR） of liver-erector spinae and pancreas-erector spinae，score of subjective diagnosis and the indexes of radiation dose，including CT dose index （CTDI），dose length product （DLP），effective dose （ED） were measured，calculated，and assessed respectively on CT images of arterial phase and portal phase from each group. Results?The SD of subcutaneous fat， SNRs of liver and pancreas，score of subjective diagnosis，and the CTDI，DLP，ED of CT images in arterial phase and portal phase were significantly different from each other （P＜0.05），while CNRs of liver-erector spinae and pancreas-erector spinae were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. The SNR，radiation dose，and score of subjective diagnosis of the 165 mAs tube current group were the lowest among all the groups，but the images of the 165 mAs tube current group could not fulfill the need of diagnosis. Conclusions?It is really feasible that the method of decreasing tube current gradually in the upper abdomen enhanced CT inspection could ensure that the radiologists could adapt the low dose image bit by bit，and this methods could be popularized to all kinds of CT facilities we own currently. The images with 170?mAs as tube current in the upper abdomen enhanced inspection of dual-source CT could fulfill the need of diagnosis，and the radiation dose of patients is apparently lower than that the conventional scan．
Lung four dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) can lead to accurate radiotherapy. However, for the safety of patients, the scan spacing of 4D-CT cannot be too small so that the inter-slice resolution of lung 4D-CT is low, and thus the coronal and sagittal images need to be interpolated to obtain high-resolution images. This paper presents a super-resolution reconstruction technique based on multi-model Gaussian process regression. We use the high-resolution transversal images and the corresponding low-resolution images as the training sets. The high-resolution pixels of the coronal and sagittal images can be predicted by constructing multiple Gaussian process regression models. The experimental results show that our method is superior to bicubic algorithm, projections onto convex sets, sparse coding, multi-phase similarity based method and Gaussian process regression method based on self-learning block in terms of the edge and detail recovery. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the quality of lung 4D-CT images, and potentially be applied to better image-guided radiation therapy of lung cancer.
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an emerging medical imaging technology characterized by its non-invasive nature, absence of ionizing radiation, real-time dynamic imaging capability, low cost, and portability. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the application of EIT for perioperative respiratory management in adult major surgeries, particularly in the context of postoperative pulmonary complications. This review focuses on adult cardiac surgery patients and explores the clinical value of EIT in addressing extracorporeal circulation-related lung injury, managing one-lung ventilation, and enabling early detection of postoperative complications (such as atelectasis, pneumothorax). It also discusses EIT’s core functions in perioperative monitoring and its added value in the context of cardiac surgery, providing insights for precision and personalized respiratory management.
For tooth segmentation problem on the three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) volume data, this paper proposes a regional adaptive deformable model for tooth structure measurement of CT images. The proposed method combines the automatic thresholding segmentation, CV active contour model, and graph-cut. Firstly, we achieved the segmentation and location of dental crowns by automatic thresholding segmentation. And then by using the above segmentation result as the initial contour, we utilized active contour method to slice gradually the segment of remaining tooth. By incorporating active contour and graph-cut then, we realized the accurate segmentation for tooth root, which is the most difficult to be segmented. The experimental results showed that the proposed tooth structure measurement accurately and automatically segmented dental crowns from CT data, and then rapidly and accurately segmented the tooth neck and tooth root. The structure of tooth could be effectively segmented from CT data by using the proposed method. Experimental results indicated that the proposed method was rather robust and accurate, and could effectively assist the doctor for diagnosis in clinical treatment.
Objective To explore the early diagnostic value of single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT), thoracic computed tomography(CT),and chest X-ray for closed chest trauma. Methods To establish the animal model of unilateral chest impact trauma,to adopt SPECT, thoracic CT, and chest X-ray for early diagnosis of closed chest trauma,and to compare these findings with postmortem examination. Results Thirty minutes after blunt chest trauma, the region of interesting (ROI) between traumatized lung and the heart (ROI2/ROI1) immediately increased to the peak six hours after trauma; on the contralateral lung, the ratio (ROI3/ROI1) increased slowly and reached the peak after six hours, these ratio was still smaller than that of the traumatized lung. These differences were significant (Plt;0.01). Conclusions Chest X-ray is still the most fundamental diagnostic method of chest trauma,but it was thought that the patients of severe chest trauma and multiple injuries should be examined early by thoracic CT. Radionuclide imaging have more diagnostic value than chest X-ray on pulmonary contusion. The diagnostic sensibility to pulmonary contusion of thoracic CT is superior to conventional radiograph,but thoracic CT is inferior to SPECT on exploring exudation and edema of pulmonary contusion. Thoracic CT is superior to conventional radiograph on diagnosis of chest trauma,therefore patients of severe chest trauma and multiple injuries should be adopted to thoracic CT examination at emergency room in order to be diagnosed as soon as possible.
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive and low invasive technology for cancer biological imaging. Integrated PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) cameras combine functional and anatomical information in a synergistic manner that improves diagnostic interpretation. The role of 18F FDG PET/CT in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is well established, particularly in patients presenting with elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative radioactive iodine scan. This review presents the evidence supporting the use of 18F FDG PET/CT throughout the diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer, and provides suggestions for its clinical uses.
