Clinical trial transparency, include clinical trial registration, unbiased reporting results and sharing individual participant data (IPD), is one of the most important revolutionary concepts following clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine in the medical field. Sharing IPD is a medical ethics issue reflected a new sense of worth and constructing new rules of clinical trials. Our viewpoint is that from the essential purpose of clinical research, IPD is a social public property. Sharing IPD is a one of the best ways for respecting the contributions of the participants, and one of the keys for changing face of clinical trials.
The Standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) 2015 is a revision of the STARD 2003 on the checklist and flow chart, on the basis of the new evidences of potential bias and applicability, to better guide the application of diagnostic test in clinical practices. Currently, the interpretation and application in China is still based on STARD 2003. This review will describe the application status of the original version and introduce the updated standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies.
It is important to design a long-period transparent bioactive material for corneal repair in the process of corneal tissue renovation. This article discusses the silk fibroin and formamide blend membranes as a corneal stroma repair material. Silk fibroin solution was mixed with formamide in different proportions to obtain insoluble transparent silk fibroin film by casting method. The blending membranes had excellent mechanical properties, cell compatibility and long-term transparent properties. Rabbit corneal stromal cells were seeded on the sterilized composite films. The rate of cell surface adhesion was over 90% after cells were placed on it for 5 hours. When cells were seeded on blend membranes from one day to seven days, Alma Blue was added to complete medium. Compared with the cell culture plate, there was no significant difference in cell proliferation on formamide/silk films. The results indicated that formamide/silk films might be used as a corneal stroma repair material and worth of further investigation.
As the highest level of evidence in evidence-based medicine, systematic reviews have a profound impact on clinical practice and policy-making. However, challenges remain regarding the methodological rigor and reproducibility of their results. In recent years, replication research on systematic reviews has emerged as a critical approach to ensuring evidence quality, rational allocation of research resources and advancing evidence-based medicine. This article systematically reviews the theoretical foundations and research value of replication studies in systematic reviews, with a focus on their core design principles and implementation process. Key methodological steps are discussed, including assessing the necessity of replication, determining the type of replication, pre-registration, obtaining data and code, conducting independent re-analyses, and evaluating result consistency. Meanwhile, using the childhood deworming program as an illustrative case, we further outline the practical workflow of conducting replication research and demonstrate its importance in confirming the robustness of evidence and strengthening confidence in decision-making. In addition, this study synthesizes the methodological challenges encountered throughout the entire replication process, from literature searching to data analysis, and discusses future directions involving the integration of artificial intelligence, the development of reporting standards such as PRITERS, and the establishment of supportive research infrastructures. Overall, this work aims to provide methodological guidance for the standardized conduct of replication studies and to support the high-quality development of evidence-informed practice.
