Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). MethodsThe clinical and imaging data of 681 patients with thoracolumbar OVCF treated with PVP between January 2017 and December 2021 were collected. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the patients with thoracolumbar OVCF in single center were summarized from the aspects of demographic distribution (mainly including gender, age), fracture characteristic analysis [including pathological segments, bone mineral density, and body mass index (BMI)], and operation related results (including the distribution of unilateral and bilateral puncture and bone cement injection, postoperative effectiveness analysis and refracture). ResultsOf the 681 patients, 134 (19.68%) were male and 547 (80.32%) were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶4.08. The age ranged from 53 to 105 years, with an average of 75.3 years. The age group of 60-90 years old had the largest number of patients (91.04%); the high incidence age group of men was 70-90 years old (13.95%), and that of women was 60-80 years old (72.98%). A total of 836 vertebrae were involved, and the morbidity of thoracolumbar vertebrae (T11-L1) was the highest (56.34%, 471/836). The main type of fracture was compression fracture (92.58%, 774/836) and Kümmell disease (7.42%, 62/836). There were 489 cases (71.81%) of osteoporosis, including 66 males and 423 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶6.42. There was significant difference in distribution of bone mineral density between male and female groups (Z=–5.810, P<0.001). BMI showed 206 cases (30.25%) of underweight, 347 (50.95%) cases of normal, 58 cases (8.52%) of overweight, 42 cases (6.17%) of obese, and 28 cases (4.11%) of extremely obese. The difference in BMI distribution between male and female groups was significant (Z=–2.220, P=0.026). Of 836 vertebral bodies, 472 (56.46%) were punctured unilaterally and 364 (43.54%) bilaterally. Most of the vertebral bodies (49.88%, 417/836) were injected with 5.0-6.9 mL bone cement, and most of them were distributed in thoracolumbar and lumbar vertebral bodies (T11-L3). The visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) of patients with unilateral puncture and bilateral puncture significantly improved at 6 months after operation (P<0.001), and also the difference was significant between the two groups in the difference of pre- and post-operation (P<0.001). There were 628 cases (92.22%) with the first occurrence of OVCF, and 53 cases (7.78%) with two or more times of OVCF, all of which were female patients, and 26 cases (49.06%) occurred in the adjacent segment of the previous PVP operation. ConclusionFemale were more than male in OVCF patients. Thoracolumbar vertebral body has the highest morbidity. Patients with low BMI are more likely to have osteoporosis, and patients with high BMI have a higher risk of compression fracture. The amount of bone cement injected through bilateral puncture was greater than that through unilateral puncture.
Objective To explore the effectiveness of unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) through mild side and severe side approaches in the treatment of elderly osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Methods The clinical data of 100 patients with OVCF with symptoms on one side who were admitted between June 2020 and June 2021 and met the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the severe side approach group (group A) and the mild side approach group (group B) according to the cement puncture access during PVP, with 50 cases in each group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of general information such as gender composition, age, body mass index, bone density, damaged segments, disease duration, and chronic comorbidities (P>0.05). The lateral margin height of the vertebral body on the operated side in group B was significantly higher than that of group A (P<0.001). The pain level and spinal motor function were evaluated using the pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) before operation, at 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months after operation in both groups, respectively. Results No intraoperative or postoperative complications such as bone cement allergy, fever, incision infection, and transient hypotension occurred in both groups. Four cases of bone cement leakage occurred in group A (3 cases of intervertebral leakage and 1 case of paravertebral leakage), and 6 cases of bone cement leakage occurred in group B (4 cases of intervertebral leakage, 1 case of paravertebral leakage, and 1 case of spinal canal leakage), and none of them had neurological symptoms. Patients in both groups were followed up 12-16 months, with a mean of 13.3 months. All fractures healed and the healing time ranged from 2 to 4 months, with a mean of 2.9 months. The patients had no complication related to infection, adjacent vertebral fracture, or vascular embolism during follow-up. At 3 months postoperatively, the lateral margin height of the vertebral body on the operated side in groups A and B were improved when compared with preoperative ones, and the difference between pre- and post-operative lateral margin height of the vertebral body in group A was higher than that in group B, all showing significant differences (P<0.001). The VAS scores and ODI in both groups improved significantly at all postoperative time points when compared with those before operation, and further improved with time after operation (P<0.05). The differences in VAS scores and ODI between the two groups before operation were not significant (P>0.05); VAS scores and ODI in group A were significantly better than those in group B at 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months after operation (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between the two groups at 12 months after operation (P>0.05). Conclusion Patients with OVCF have more severe compression on the more symptomatic side of the vertebral body, and patients with PVP have better pain relief and better functional recovery when cement is injected through the severe symptomatic side.
Objective
To observe the influence on adjacent lumbar bone density after strengthening of T12, L1 segment vertebral osteoporotic compression fracture by percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in postmenopausal female.
Methods
Between January 2008 and June 2011, 59 patients with T12, L1 segment thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fracture were treated with PVP in 29 cases (PVP group) and PKP in 30 cases (PKP group), who were in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. No significant difference was found in gender, duration of menopause, disease druation, causes of injury, fractured vertebral body, and vertebral fracture classification between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). The kyphosis Cobb angle of surgical area was measured at preoperation, 1 week after operation, and last follow-up; the lower three lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) of the surgical area, the femoral neck BMD, and body mass index (BMI) of patients were measured at perioperative period and last follow-up to find out the statement of anti-osteoporosis; FRAX online tools were used to evaluate the probability of major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture of the next 10 years.
Results
The average follow-up was 25.5 months (range, 12-48 months) in 2 groups. There was significant difference in kyphosis Cobb angle of T12, L1 between preoperation and last follow-up in 2 groups (P lt; 0.05); the Cobb angle of PKP group was significantly less than that of PVP group at 1 week after operation and last follow-up (P lt; 0.05). No significant difference was found in BMI between 2 groups, and between perioperative period and last follow-up in the same group (P gt; 0.05). The lower three lumbar spine BMD of the surgical area and its T value at last follow-up was improved significantly when compared with BMD at perioperative period (P lt; 0.05); there was no significant difference in the lower three lumbar spine BMD and its T value between 2 groups at perioperative period (P gt; 0.05), but significant difference was found between two groups at last follow-up (P lt; 0.05). Difference was not significant in the femoral neck BMD and its T value between 2 groups, and between perioperative period and last follow-up in the same group (P gt; 0.05). The probability of major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture of the next 10 years was not significantly different between 2 groups and between perioperative period and last follow-up in the same group (P gt; 0.05).
Conclusion
The increased BMD of adjacent lumbar spine can improve the strength of the vertebral body and reduce the incidence of adjacent vertebral fracture in patients with T12, L1 segment vertebral osteoporotic compression fracture after PVP/PKP, and PKP is superior to PVP increasing BMD of adjacent lumbar spine.
ObjectiveEvaluating the clinical efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral compressive fracture (OVCF).
MethodsPatients with OVCF were retrospectively analyzed from Feb. 2008 to Feb. 2013 in Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. Patients were divided into the PVP group and the PKP group. The VAS, vertebral kyphosis angle, vertebral height and bone cement leakage of both groups were compared, and the SPSS13.0 software was used for data analysis.
ResultsA total of 55 patients were included. Of which, 25 patients were in the PVP group and 30 patients were in the PKP group. All patients were followed up from 5 to 20 months, with an average time of 15.5 months. The VAS scores in both groups were all improved after the operation (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between both groups. The vertebral kyphosis angle in both groups were improved after the operation (P<0.05), and the PKP group was better than the PVP group. Six patients in the PVP group occurred the leakage of bone cement, and 4 patients in the PKP group. Five patients in the PVP groups occurred vertebral fracture again, while 7 patients in the PKP group.
ConclusionUsing PVP and PKP for the treatment of OVCF can quickly relieve pain and increase the stability of the vertebral body. PKP can restore vertebral body height better and reduce the incidence of cement leakage.
ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement and allogeneic bone mixture to strengthen sheep vertebrae with osteoporotic compression fracture.MethodsA total of 75 lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) of adult goats was harvested to prepare the osteoporotic vertebral body model by decalcification. The volume of vertebral body and the weight and bone density before and after decalcification were measured. And the failure strength, failure displacement, and stiffness were tested by using a mechanical tester. Then the vertebral compression fracture models were prepared and divided into 3 groups (n=25). The vertebral bodies were injected with allogeneic bone in group A, PMMA bone cement in group B, and mixture of allogeneic bone and PMMA bone cement in a ratio of 1∶1 in group C. After CT observation of the implant distribution in the vertebral body, the failure strength, failure displacement, and stiffness of the vertebral body were measured again.ResultsThere was no significant difference in weight, bone density, and volume of vertebral bodies before decalcification between groups (P>0.05). After decalcification, there was no significant difference in bone density, decreasing rate, and weight between groups (P>0.05). There were significant differences in vertebral body weight and bone mineral density between pre- and post-decalcification in 3 groups (P<0.05). CT showed that the implants in each group were evenly distributed in the vertebral body with no leakage. Before fracture, the differences in vertebral body failure strength, failure displacement, and stiffness between groups were not significant (P>0.05). After augmentation, the failure displacement of group A was significantly greater than that of groups B and C, and the failure strength and stiffness were less than those of groups B and C, the failure displacement of group C was greater than that of group B, and the failure strength and stiffness were less than those of group B, the differences between groups were significant (P<0.05). Except for the failure strength of group A (P>0.05), the differences in the failure strength, failure displacement, and stiffness before fracture and after augmentation in the other groups were significant (P<0.05).ConclusionThe mixture of allogeneic bone and PMMA bone cement in a ratio of 1∶1 can improve the strength of the vertebral body of sheep osteoporotic compression fractures and restore the initial stiffness of the vertebral body. It has good mechanical properties and can be used as one of the filling materials in percutaneous vertebroplasty.
ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy and safety between percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) with intravertebral vacuum cleft (IVC).
MethodsBetween January 2010 and December 2013, 68 patients with single OVCF and IVC were treated, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Of 68 patients, 48 underwent PVP (PVP group) and 20 underwent PKP (PKP group). There was no significant difference in age, gender, disease duration, fracture level, bone mineral density (BMD), visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and preoperative radiological parameters between 2 groups (P > 0.05). The intraoperative incidence of cement leakage, cement volume, and operative time were compared between 2 groups; VAS score was used for evaluation of back pain and ODI for evaluation of dysfunction; the incidence of adjacent vertebral fracture was observed within 2 years. The vertebral height and kyphotic angle were measured on X-ray films; the rate of vertebral compression (CR), reduction rate (RR), progressive height loss (PHL), reduction angle (RA), and progressive angle (PA) were calculated.
ResultsThere was no significant difference in cement volume and the incidence of cement leakage between 2 groups (P > 0.05). The operative time in PVP group was shorter than that in PKP group, showing significant difference (t=-8.821, P=0.000). The mean follow-up time was 2.4 years (range, 2.0-3.1 years). The VAS scores and ODI were significantly reduced at 1 day, 1 year, and 2 years after operation when compared with preoperative scores (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between different time points after operation in 2 groups (P > 0.05). Adjacent vertebral fracture occurred in 5 cases (10.4%) of PVP group and in 2 cases (10.0%) of PKP group, showing no significant difference (χ2=0.003, P=0.963). BMD was significantly increased at 1 year and 2 years after operation when compared with preoperative BMD (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found between 2 groups (t=0.463, P=0.642; t=0.465, P=0.646). The X-ray films showed that CR and kyphotic angle were significantly restored at immediate after operation in 2 groups (P < 0.05); but vertebral height and kyphotic angle gradually aggravated with time, showing significant difference between at immediate and at 1 and 2 years after operation (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in CR and kyphotic angle between 2 groups at each time point (P > 0.05). RR, RA, PHL, and PA showed no significant difference between 2 groups (P > 0.05).
ConclusionThere is similar clinical and radiological efficacy between PVP and PKP for treatment of OVCF with IVC. Re-collapse could happen after operation, so strict observation and follow-up are needed.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of Curved Diffusion Needle in unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) by compared with bilateral PVP. MethodsA clinical data of 93 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) treated with PVP between January 2020 and January 2021 was retrospectively analyzed, including 47 patients underwent unilateral PVP assisted with Curved Diffusion Needle (unilateral group) and 46 patients underwent bilateral PVP (bilateral group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, cause of injury, time from injury to operation, T value of bone mineral density, AO classification, distribution of injured vertebrae, and preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI), relative height of injured vertebrae, and Cobb angle between the two groups (P>0.05). The operation time, the amount of bone cement injection, the incidence of bone cement leakage, the bone cement diffusion distribution, VAS score, ODI, the relative height of injured vertebrae, and Cobb angle were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results All operations successfully completed. The operation time was significantly shorter in unilateral group than in bilateral group (t=?13.936, P=0.000), and the amount of bone cement injection was significantly less in unilateral group than in bilateral group (t=?13.237, P=0.000). The incidence of bone cement leakage in unilateral group was 19.14%, which was significantly lower than that in bilateral group (39.13%) (χ2=4.505, P=0.034). The score of bone cement distribution in unilateral group was 7.0±1.3, of which 41 cases were excellent and 6 cases were well. The score of bilateral group was 7.4±0.8, of which 43 cases were excellent and 3 cases were well. There was no significant difference in score and grading of bone cement distribution between the two groups (t=?1.630, P=0.107; Z=?1.013, P=0.311). All patients were followed up and the follow-up time was 3-10 months (mean, 6.5 months) in unilateral group and 3-10 months (mean, 6.1 months) in bilateral group. The VAS score, ODI, the relative height of injured vertebrae, and Cobb angle at 24 hours after operation and last follow-up were significantly better than those before operation in the two groups (P<0.05). There were significant differences in all indicators between 24 hours after operation and last follow-up (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in all indexes between the two groups (P>0.05) at the same time point after operation. During follow-up, there was no complication such as contralateral vertebral collapse, refracture, adjacent vertebral fracture, or local kyphosis in the two groups. ConclusionUnilateral PVP assisted with Curved Diffusion Needle for OVCF is beneficial to the distribution of bone cement, which can not only achieve similar effectiveness to bilateral PVP, but also achieve shorter operation time, less bone cement injection, and lower risk of bone cement leakage.
ObjectiveTo discuss the effectiveness of high viscosity bone cement in unilateral puncture percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for the treatment of osteoporotic fresh vertebral fracture and operation skills of the bone cement leakage prevention.
MethodsBetween November 2005 and October 2013, 82 elderly patients with fresh thoracolumbar vertebral fracture were first treated with hyperextension postural reduction and then with high viscosity bone cement in unilateral pedicle puncture PVP. Of 82 cases, 25 were male and 57 were female with an average age of 72.3 years (range, 61-90 years). The causes included falling injury in 28 cases, sprain injury in 11 cases, car shock injury in 4 cases, fracture by cough or sneeze in 6 cases, and no obvious reason in 33 cases. The time from injury to operation was 3-15 days (mean, 7.6 days). Single segment was involved in 74 cases, and double segments in 8 cases. The operation time, fluoroscopy time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospitalization time were recorded, bone cement leakage was observed;pain visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain relief effect;X-ray films were taken for measurement of the Cobb angle and anterior vertebral body height compression ratio to evaluate the correction effect.
ResultsThe average operation time was 16 minutes;the average fluoroscopy time was 48 seconds;the average hospitalization time was 3 days. All cases were followed up from 6 to 18 months (mean, 6.8 months). Leakage of bone cement occurred in 6 cases (7.3%), including 3 cases of paravertebral soft tissue leakage, 1 case of intervertebral disc leakage, and 2 cases of venous leakage. There was no nerve damage or paralysis. At last follow-up, VAS score was significantly decreased to 1.3±0.9 from preoperative 8.8±1.2 (t=73.891, P=0.000);Cobb angle was significantly reduced to (25.06±6.18)° from preoperative (34.79±7.18)° (t=18.878, P=0.000);and the anterior vertebral body height compression ratio was significantly increased to 67.8%±5.7% from preoperative 41.3%±9.8% (t=36.880, P=0.000).
ConclusionApplication of high viscosity bone cement in unilateral puncture PVP can shorten operation time, reduce bone cement leakage rate, and achieve satisfactory effectiveness.
ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors of adjacent fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).MethodsA total of 2 216 patients who received PVP due to symptomatic OVCF between January 2014 and January 2017 and met the selection criteria were selected as study subjects. The clinical data was collected, including gender, age, height, body mass, history of smoking and drinking, whether the combination of hypertension, diabetes, coronary arteriosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bone mineral density, the number of fractured vertebrae, the amount of cement injected into single vertebra, the cement leakage, and whether regular exercise after operation, whether regular anti-osteoporosis treatment after operation. Firstly, single factor analysis was performed on the observed indicators to preliminarily screen the influencing factors of adjacent fractures after PVP. Then, logistic regression analysis was carried out for relevant indicators with statistical significance to screen risk factors.ResultsAll patients were followed up 12-24 months, with an average of 15.8 months. Among them, 227 patients (10.24%) had adjacent fractures. The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the fracture group and non-fracture group in age, gender, preoperative bone density, history of smoking and drinking, COPD, the number of fractured vertebrae and the amount of bone cement injected into the single vertebra, as well as regular exercise after operation, regular anti-osteoporosis treatment after operation (P<0.05). Further multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly and female, history of smoking, irregular exercise after operation, irregular anti-osteoporosis treatment after operation, low preoperative bone density, large number of fractured vertebrae, and small amount of bone cement injected into the single vertebra were risk factors for adjacent fractures after PVP in OVCF patients (P<0.05).ConclusionThe risk of adjacent fractures after PVP increases in elderly, female patients with low preoperative bone mineral density, large number of fractured vertebrae, and insufficient bone cement injection. The patients need to quit smoking, regular exercise, and anti-osteoporosis treatment after PVP.
ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors of cement leakage in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).
MethodsBetween March 2011 and March 2012, 98 patients with single level OVCF were treated by PVP, and the cl inical data were analyzed retrospectively. There were 13 males and 85 females, with a mean age of 77.2 years (range, 54-95 years). The mean disease duration was 43 days (range, 15-120 days), and the mean T score of bone mineral density (BMD) was-3.8 (range, -6.7--2.5). Bilateral transpedicular approach was used in all the patients. The patients were divided into cement leakage group and no cement leakage group by occurrence of cement leakage based on postoperative CT. Single factor analysis was used to analyze the difference between 2 groups in T score of BMD, operative level, preoperative anterior compression degree of operative vertebrae, preoperative middle compression degree of operative vertebrae, preoperative sagittal Cobb angle of operative vertebrae, preoperative vertebral body wall incompetence, cement volume, and volume ratio of intravertebral bone cement to vertebral body. All relevant factors were introduced to logistic regression analysis to analyze the risk factors of cement leakage.
ResultsAll procedures were performed successfully. The mean operation time was 40 minutes (range, 30-50 minutes), and the mean volume ratio of intravertebral bone cement to vertebral body was 24.88% (range, 7.84%-38.99%). Back pain was alleviated significantly in all the patients postoperatively. All patients were followed up with a mean time of 8 months (range, 6-12 months). Cement leakage occurred in 49 patients. Single factor analysis showed that there were significant differences in the volume ratio of intravertebral bone cement to vertebral body and preoperative vertebral body wall incompetence between 2 groups (P < 0.05), while no significant difference in T score of BMD, operative level, preoperative anterior compression degree of operative vertebrae, preoperative middle compression degree of operative vertebrae, preoperative sagittal Cobb angle of operative vertebrae, and cement volume (P > 0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that the volume ratio of intravertebral bone cement to vertebral body (P < 0.05) and vertebral body wall incompetence (P < 0.05) were the risk factors for occurrence of cement leakage.
ConclusionThe volume ratio of intravertebral bone cement to vertebral body and vertebral body wall incompetence are risk factors of cement leakage in PVP for OVCF. Cement leakage is easy to occur in operative level with vertebral body wall incompetence and high volume ratio of intravertebral bone cement to vertebral body.
