Vestibular dysfunction is a clinical syndrome characterized by symptoms such as dizziness or vertigo, abnormal control of eye movements, balance disorders, and autonomic nervous system symptoms. Immune-related vestibular dysfunction is caused by vestibular abnormalities triggered by autoimmune reactions or dysfunctions in the immune system. Some autoimmune diseases can present with vestibular dysfunction as the initial symptom or a typical manifestation. There is still a lack of understanding regarding the immune pathogenic factors of vestibular abnormalities both domestically and internationally. This paper provides a detailed summary of the types, onset, pathological mechanisms, symptoms, signs, and auxiliary examinations of immune-related vestibular dysfunction, aiming to offer new insights for the identification of such diseases.
