Research advances in nanobiotechnology targeting reactive oxygen species for radiation injury repair_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

GUO Cheng , TANG Qiuxuan , ZHANG Jinghan , RAN Xinyi , HUANG Yihui ,  HE Yan

The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Second Clinical College, Chongqing 400010, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

Keywords：

Reactive oxygen species; Nanomedicine; Radiation injury; Oxidative stress; Radioprotection; Injury repair

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202604012

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

The burst generation of reactive oxygen species serves as a key driver of radiation injury. Efficient scavenging of excessive reactive oxygen species and restoration of redox homeostasis represent a critical therapeutic strategy for radiation injury repair. However, conventional antioxidants have limitations such as poor stability, weak targeting capability, and low bioavailability. Nanomaterials, distinguished by their unique size effects, high specific surface area, and functional plasticity, have brought new ideas for this field. This review summarizes the pathological mechanisms of reactive oxygen species-mediated radiation injury, then systematically reviews the research progress on strategies targeting reactive oxygen species to modulate radiation injury repair based on nanomaterial types, delves into the molecular mechanisms and application prospects of nanomaterials in scavenging reactive oxygen species, breaking the inflammatory cycle, and promoting tissue regeneration, and finally provides an outlook on the challenges of clinical translation and future directions for intelligent nanomedicines, with the aim of providing theoretical references and research ideas for breaking through the limitations of traditional antioxidants and advancing mechanistic research and clinical translation in the protection and repair of radiation injury.

Citation： GUO Cheng, TANG Qiuxuan, ZHANG Jinghan, RAN Xinyi, HUANG Yihui, HE Yan. Research advances in nanobiotechnology targeting reactive oxygen species for radiation injury repair. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2026, 43(5): 1091-1098. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202604012 Copy

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3.	Deng G M, He W S, Liu W Y, et al. Evolution of radiation-induced dermatitis treatment[J]. Clin Transl Oncol, 2024, 26(9): 2142-2155.
4.	Kuipers M E, van Doorn-Wink K C J, Hiemstra P S, et al. Predicting radiation-induced lung injury in patients with lung cancer: challenges and opportunities[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2024, 118(3): 639-649.
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6.	Wang J, Wu Z, Zhu M, et al. ROS induced pyroptosis in inflammatory disease and cancer[J]. Front Immunol, 2024, 15: 1378990.
7.	Liu J, Han X, Zhang T, et al. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging biomaterials for anti-inflammatory diseases: from mechanism to therapy[J]. J Hematol Oncol, 2023, 16(1): 116.
8.	楊語婷, 陳倩, 賈元源, 等. 納米材料的特性及其在光老化領域的應用進展[J]. 中國美容醫學, 2025, 34(11): 10-15.
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12.	Colmenares R, Carrión-Marchante R, Martín M E, et al. Dependence of induced biological damage on the energy distribution and intensity of clinical intra-operative radiotherapy electron beams[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(13): 10816.
13.	Youk J, Kwon H W, Lim J, et al. Quantitative and qualitative mutational impact of ionizing radiation on normal cells[J]. Cell Genom, 2024, 4(2): 100499.
14.	Zheng Y, Li H, Bo X, et al. Ionizing radiation damage and repair from 3D-genomic perspective[J]. Trends Genet, 2023, 39(1): 1-4.
15.	Radomska K, Wolszczak M. Influence of ionizing radiation on spontaneously formed aggregates in proteins or enzymes solutions[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2023, 15(5): 1367.
16.	Endale H T, Tesfaye W, Mengstie T A. ROS induced lipid peroxidation and their role in ferroptosis[J]. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2023, 11: 1226044.
17.	Barsoumian H B, He K, Hsu E, et al. NLRP3 agonist enhances radiation-induced immune priming and promotes abscopal responses in anti-PD1 resistant model[J]. Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2023, 72(9): 3003-3012.
18.	Luo H, Liu X, Liu H, et al. ACT001 ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced lung injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2023, 163: 114808.
19.	Zhang Y, Huang Y, Li Z, et al. Exploring natural products as radioprotective agents for cancer therapy: mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities[J]. Cancers, 2023, 15(14): 3585.
20.	Saini S, Gurung P. A comprehensive review of sensors of radiation-induced damage, radiation-induced proximal events, and cell death[J]. Immunol Rev, 2025, 329(1): e13409.
21.	An X, Yu W, Liu J, et al. Oxidative cell death in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2024, 15(8): 556.
22.	Corsi F, Deidda Tarquini G, Urbani M, et al. The impressive anti-inflammatory activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles: more than redox?[J]. Nanomaterials, 2023, 13(20): 2803.
23.	Yang P, Li J, Zhang T, et al. Ionizing radiation-induced mitophagy promotes ferroptosis by increasing intracellular free fatty acids[J]. Cell Death Differ, 2023, 30(11): 2432-2445.
24.	Wei D, Sun Y, Zhu H, et al. Stimuli-responsive polymer-based nanosystems for cancer theranostics[J]. ACS Nano, 2023, 17(23): 23223-23261.
25.	Liu Y, Li C, Yang X, et al. Stimuli-responsive polymer-based nanosystems for cardiovascular disease theranostics[J]. Biomater Sci, 2024, 12(15): 3805-3825.
26.	Liu J, Jia B, Li Z, et al. Reactive oxygen species-responsive polymer drug delivery systems[J]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2023, 11: 1115603.
27.	Nemati Mahand S, Ziegler A, Amin P, et al. Reactive oxygen species-sensitive thioether-bearing poly(2-oxazoline)s: direct and controlled polymerization using an initiator salt[J]. Polym Chem, 2025, 16(46): 4961-4975.
28.	Pu M, Cao H, Zhang H, et al. ROS-responsive hydrogels: from design and additive manufacturing to biomedical applications[J]. Mater Horiz, 2024, 11(16): 3721-3746.
29.	Cheng Y, Jiao X, Xu T, et al. Free-blockage mesoporous anticancer nanoparticles based on ROS-responsive wetting behavior of nanopores[J]. Small, 2017, 13(40): 1701942.
30.	Yu M, Xie W, Tang Z, et al. Radiopaque and X-ray-responsive nanomedicine for preventive therapy of radiation-induced heart disease[J]. Small, 2023, 19(46): e2303803.
31.	Popova N R, Popov A L, Ermakov A M, et al. Ceria-containing hybrid multilayered microcapsules for enhanced cellular internalisation with high radioprotection efficiency[J]. Molecules, 2020, 25(13): 2957.
32.	歐陽冰清, 楊海南, 齊璐瑤, 等. 二氧化鈰納米通過抗炎和抗氧化緩解急性胰腺炎[J]. 重慶醫科大學學報, 2025, 50(9): 1253-1260.
33.	Yang J, Xiao S, Deng J, et al. Oxygen vacancy-engineered cerium oxide mediated by copper-platinum exhibit enhanced SOD/CAT-mimicking activities to regulate the microenvironment for osteoarthritis therapy[J]. J Nanobiotechnology, 2024, 22(1): 491.
34.	Chen Q, Gu P, Li H, et al. Drug loaded cerium oxide nanozymes prevent radiation-induced cataracts via suppressing the cGAS-STING pathway[J]. J Nanobiotechnology, 2025, 23(1): 657.
35.	Xie X, Ma G, Li X, et al. Activation of innate immune cGAS-STING pathway contributes to Alzheimer's pathogenesis in 5xFAD mice[J]. Nat Aging, 2023, 3(2): 202-212.
36.	Yang L, Ran H, Yin Y, et al. Mitochondrial targeted cerium oxide nanoclusters for radiation protection and promoting hematopoiesis[J]. Int J Nanomedicine, 2024, 19: 6463-6483.
37.	Feng Y, Luo X, Li Z, et al. A ferroptosis-targeting ceria anchored halloysite as orally drug delivery system for radiation colitis therapy[J]. Nat Commun, 2023, 14(1): 5083.
38.	廖友, 王冬梅, 谷戰軍. 納米材料用于放療防護的研究進展[J]. 化學學報, 2021, 79(12): 1438-1460.
39.	Seke M, Zivkovic M, Stankovic A, et al. Versatile applications of fullerenol nanoparticles[J]. Int J Pharm, 2024, 660: 124313.
40.	Kazmierska-Grebowska P, Jankowski M M, Obrador E, et al. Nanotechnology meets radiobiology: fullerenols and metallofullerenols as nano-shields in radiotherapy[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2025, 184: 117915.
41.	Xie J, Wang C, Wang N, et al. Graphdiyne nanoradioprotector with efficient free radical scavenging ability for mitigating radiation-induced gastrointestinal tract damage[J]. Biomaterials, 2020, 244: 119940.
42.	Grebowski J, Kazmierska P, Litwinienko G, et al. Fullerenol C₆₀(OH)₃₆ protects human erythrocyte membrane against high-energy electrons[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr, 2018, 1860(8): 1528-1536.
43.	Wang C, Zhao M, Xie J, et al. Colon-targeted release of gel microspheres loaded with antioxidative fullerenol for relieving radiation-induced colon injury and regulating intestinal flora[J]. Adv Healthc Mater, 2023, 12(30): e2301758.
44.	Ren X, Huo M, Wang M, et al. Highly catalytic niobium carbide (MXene) promotes hematopoietic recovery after radiation by free radical scavenging[J]. ACS Nano, 2019, 13(6): 6438-6454.
45.	Feng W, Han X, Hu H, et al. 2D vanadium carbide MXenzyme to alleviate ROS-mediated inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases[J]. Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1): 2203.
46.	宋麗, 王躍, 付丹, 等. 硒在糖尿病中抗氧化的作用及研究進展[J]. 生理科學進展, 2023, 54(1): 76-80.
47.	Wang W, Lu G, Guo P, et al. Selenized neural stem cell-derived exosomes: a neotype therapeutic agent for traumatic injuries of the central nervous system[J]. Cell Rep Med, 2025, 6(9): 102319.
48.	Omiyale O C, Musa M, Otuyalo A I, et al. A review on selenium and gold nanoparticles combined photodynamic and photothermal prostate cancer tumors ablation[J]. Discov Nano, 2023, 18(1): 150.
49.	Zhao D, Yu S, Zang W, et al. Exopolysaccharide-selenium composite nanoparticle: characterization, antioxidant properties and selenium release kinetics in simulated gastrointestinal conditions[J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2025, 304(Pt 1): 140809.
50.	Guo H, Guo H, Xie Y, et al. Mo₃Se₄ nanoparticle with ROS scavenging and multi-enzyme activity for the treatment of DSS-induced colitis in mice[J]. Redox Biol, 2022, 56: 102441.
51.	Sun R, Li S, Chen Z, et al. Oral antioxidant-engineered probiotics for the treatment of radiation-induced colitis[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2025, 17(7): 10316-10327.
52.	Cao J, Li J, Ren X, et al. Selenium nanoplatform engages tranexamic acid to alleviate ultraviolet B-induced skin pigmentation via inflammatory response[J]. ACS Nano, 2025, 19(28): 25744-25756.
53.	Mahmoud A A, Hussein M A, Hamdy A M, et al. Diosgenin-loaded silver nanoparticles: dual protective role and enhanced radiosensitivity against ENU-induced leukemia and gamma-irradiation-induced liver toxicity[J]. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov, 2026, 21(4): 407-427.
54.	Hamasaki T, Kashiwagi T, Imada T, et al. Kinetic analysis of superoxide anion radical-scavenging and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities of platinum nanoparticles[J]. Langmuir, 2008, 24(14): 7354-7364.
55.	Xu F, Mu X, Wang J, et al. Ultrasmall Pt clusters reducing radiation-induced injuries via scavenging free radicals[J]. J Biomed Nanotechnol, 2017, 13(11): 1512-1521.
56.	Piacenti-Silva M, Zaparoli H H, Isikawa M M, et al. Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles boost radiotherapy and protect against radiation damage[J]. ACS Omega, 2025, 10(38): 44056-44063.

1. Li L, Lopez Perez R, Shehzad K, et al. Wnt-associated DKK3 in keratinocytes mediates radiation-induced hyperplasia, dermatitis and skin fibrosis[J]. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2026, 11(1): 41.
2. Molinar-Inglis O, DiCarlo A L, Lapinskas P J, et al. Radiation-induced multi-organ injury[J]. Int J Radiat Biol, 2024, 100(3): 486-504.
3. Deng G M, He W S, Liu W Y, et al. Evolution of radiation-induced dermatitis treatment[J]. Clin Transl Oncol, 2024, 26(9): 2142-2155.
4. Kuipers M E, van Doorn-Wink K C J, Hiemstra P S, et al. Predicting radiation-induced lung injury in patients with lung cancer: challenges and opportunities[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2024, 118(3): 639-649.
5. Jayavelu A K, Moloney J N, B?hmer F D, et al. NOX-driven ROS formation in cell transformation of FLT3-ITD-positive AML[J]. Exp Hematol, 2016, 44(12): 1113-1122.
6. Wang J, Wu Z, Zhu M, et al. ROS induced pyroptosis in inflammatory disease and cancer[J]. Front Immunol, 2024, 15: 1378990.
7. Liu J, Han X, Zhang T, et al. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging biomaterials for anti-inflammatory diseases: from mechanism to therapy[J]. J Hematol Oncol, 2023, 16(1): 116.
8. 楊語婷, 陳倩, 賈元源, 等. 納米材料的特性及其在光老化領域的應用進展[J]. 中國美容醫學, 2025, 34(11): 10-15.
9. 馬相宇. 基于納米技術的輻射防護材料性能優化研究[J]. 信息記錄材料, 2025, 26(7): 12-14.
10. Yamamori T, Yasui H, Yamazumi M, et al. Ionizing radiation induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production accompanied by upregulation of mitochondrial electron transport chain function and mitochondrial content under control of the cell cycle checkpoint[J]. Free Radic Biol Med, 2012, 53(2): 260-270.
11. Guo J, Zhao Z, Shang Z F, et al. Nanodrugs with intrinsic radioprotective exertion: turning the double-edged sword into a single-edged knife[J]. Exploration, 2023, 3(2): 20220119.
12. Colmenares R, Carrión-Marchante R, Martín M E, et al. Dependence of induced biological damage on the energy distribution and intensity of clinical intra-operative radiotherapy electron beams[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(13): 10816.
13. Youk J, Kwon H W, Lim J, et al. Quantitative and qualitative mutational impact of ionizing radiation on normal cells[J]. Cell Genom, 2024, 4(2): 100499.
14. Zheng Y, Li H, Bo X, et al. Ionizing radiation damage and repair from 3D-genomic perspective[J]. Trends Genet, 2023, 39(1): 1-4.
15. Radomska K, Wolszczak M. Influence of ionizing radiation on spontaneously formed aggregates in proteins or enzymes solutions[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2023, 15(5): 1367.
16. Endale H T, Tesfaye W, Mengstie T A. ROS induced lipid peroxidation and their role in ferroptosis[J]. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2023, 11: 1226044.
17. Barsoumian H B, He K, Hsu E, et al. NLRP3 agonist enhances radiation-induced immune priming and promotes abscopal responses in anti-PD1 resistant model[J]. Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2023, 72(9): 3003-3012.
18. Luo H, Liu X, Liu H, et al. ACT001 ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced lung injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2023, 163: 114808.
19. Zhang Y, Huang Y, Li Z, et al. Exploring natural products as radioprotective agents for cancer therapy: mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities[J]. Cancers, 2023, 15(14): 3585.
20. Saini S, Gurung P. A comprehensive review of sensors of radiation-induced damage, radiation-induced proximal events, and cell death[J]. Immunol Rev, 2025, 329(1): e13409.
21. An X, Yu W, Liu J, et al. Oxidative cell death in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2024, 15(8): 556.
22. Corsi F, Deidda Tarquini G, Urbani M, et al. The impressive anti-inflammatory activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles: more than redox?[J]. Nanomaterials, 2023, 13(20): 2803.
23. Yang P, Li J, Zhang T, et al. Ionizing radiation-induced mitophagy promotes ferroptosis by increasing intracellular free fatty acids[J]. Cell Death Differ, 2023, 30(11): 2432-2445.
24. Wei D, Sun Y, Zhu H, et al. Stimuli-responsive polymer-based nanosystems for cancer theranostics[J]. ACS Nano, 2023, 17(23): 23223-23261.
25. Liu Y, Li C, Yang X, et al. Stimuli-responsive polymer-based nanosystems for cardiovascular disease theranostics[J]. Biomater Sci, 2024, 12(15): 3805-3825.
26. Liu J, Jia B, Li Z, et al. Reactive oxygen species-responsive polymer drug delivery systems[J]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2023, 11: 1115603.
27. Nemati Mahand S, Ziegler A, Amin P, et al. Reactive oxygen species-sensitive thioether-bearing poly(2-oxazoline)s: direct and controlled polymerization using an initiator salt[J]. Polym Chem, 2025, 16(46): 4961-4975.
28. Pu M, Cao H, Zhang H, et al. ROS-responsive hydrogels: from design and additive manufacturing to biomedical applications[J]. Mater Horiz, 2024, 11(16): 3721-3746.
29. Cheng Y, Jiao X, Xu T, et al. Free-blockage mesoporous anticancer nanoparticles based on ROS-responsive wetting behavior of nanopores[J]. Small, 2017, 13(40): 1701942.
30. Yu M, Xie W, Tang Z, et al. Radiopaque and X-ray-responsive nanomedicine for preventive therapy of radiation-induced heart disease[J]. Small, 2023, 19(46): e2303803.
31. Popova N R, Popov A L, Ermakov A M, et al. Ceria-containing hybrid multilayered microcapsules for enhanced cellular internalisation with high radioprotection efficiency[J]. Molecules, 2020, 25(13): 2957.
32. 歐陽冰清, 楊海南, 齊璐瑤, 等. 二氧化鈰納米通過抗炎和抗氧化緩解急性胰腺炎[J]. 重慶醫科大學學報, 2025, 50(9): 1253-1260.
33. Yang J, Xiao S, Deng J, et al. Oxygen vacancy-engineered cerium oxide mediated by copper-platinum exhibit enhanced SOD/CAT-mimicking activities to regulate the microenvironment for osteoarthritis therapy[J]. J Nanobiotechnology, 2024, 22(1): 491.
34. Chen Q, Gu P, Li H, et al. Drug loaded cerium oxide nanozymes prevent radiation-induced cataracts via suppressing the cGAS-STING pathway[J]. J Nanobiotechnology, 2025, 23(1): 657.
35. Xie X, Ma G, Li X, et al. Activation of innate immune cGAS-STING pathway contributes to Alzheimer's pathogenesis in 5xFAD mice[J]. Nat Aging, 2023, 3(2): 202-212.
36. Yang L, Ran H, Yin Y, et al. Mitochondrial targeted cerium oxide nanoclusters for radiation protection and promoting hematopoiesis[J]. Int J Nanomedicine, 2024, 19: 6463-6483.
37. Feng Y, Luo X, Li Z, et al. A ferroptosis-targeting ceria anchored halloysite as orally drug delivery system for radiation colitis therapy[J]. Nat Commun, 2023, 14(1): 5083.
38. 廖友, 王冬梅, 谷戰軍. 納米材料用于放療防護的研究進展[J]. 化學學報, 2021, 79(12): 1438-1460.
39. Seke M, Zivkovic M, Stankovic A, et al. Versatile applications of fullerenol nanoparticles[J]. Int J Pharm, 2024, 660: 124313.
40. Kazmierska-Grebowska P, Jankowski M M, Obrador E, et al. Nanotechnology meets radiobiology: fullerenols and metallofullerenols as nano-shields in radiotherapy[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2025, 184: 117915.
41. Xie J, Wang C, Wang N, et al. Graphdiyne nanoradioprotector with efficient free radical scavenging ability for mitigating radiation-induced gastrointestinal tract damage[J]. Biomaterials, 2020, 244: 119940.
42. Grebowski J, Kazmierska P, Litwinienko G, et al. Fullerenol C₆₀(OH)₃₆ protects human erythrocyte membrane against high-energy electrons[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr, 2018, 1860(8): 1528-1536.
43. Wang C, Zhao M, Xie J, et al. Colon-targeted release of gel microspheres loaded with antioxidative fullerenol for relieving radiation-induced colon injury and regulating intestinal flora[J]. Adv Healthc Mater, 2023, 12(30): e2301758.
44. Ren X, Huo M, Wang M, et al. Highly catalytic niobium carbide (MXene) promotes hematopoietic recovery after radiation by free radical scavenging[J]. ACS Nano, 2019, 13(6): 6438-6454.
45. Feng W, Han X, Hu H, et al. 2D vanadium carbide MXenzyme to alleviate ROS-mediated inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases[J]. Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1): 2203.
46. 宋麗, 王躍, 付丹, 等. 硒在糖尿病中抗氧化的作用及研究進展[J]. 生理科學進展, 2023, 54(1): 76-80.
47. Wang W, Lu G, Guo P, et al. Selenized neural stem cell-derived exosomes: a neotype therapeutic agent for traumatic injuries of the central nervous system[J]. Cell Rep Med, 2025, 6(9): 102319.
48. Omiyale O C, Musa M, Otuyalo A I, et al. A review on selenium and gold nanoparticles combined photodynamic and photothermal prostate cancer tumors ablation[J]. Discov Nano, 2023, 18(1): 150.
49. Zhao D, Yu S, Zang W, et al. Exopolysaccharide-selenium composite nanoparticle: characterization, antioxidant properties and selenium release kinetics in simulated gastrointestinal conditions[J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2025, 304(Pt 1): 140809.
50. Guo H, Guo H, Xie Y, et al. Mo₃Se₄ nanoparticle with ROS scavenging and multi-enzyme activity for the treatment of DSS-induced colitis in mice[J]. Redox Biol, 2022, 56: 102441.
51. Sun R, Li S, Chen Z, et al. Oral antioxidant-engineered probiotics for the treatment of radiation-induced colitis[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2025, 17(7): 10316-10327.
52. Cao J, Li J, Ren X, et al. Selenium nanoplatform engages tranexamic acid to alleviate ultraviolet B-induced skin pigmentation via inflammatory response[J]. ACS Nano, 2025, 19(28): 25744-25756.
53. Mahmoud A A, Hussein M A, Hamdy A M, et al. Diosgenin-loaded silver nanoparticles: dual protective role and enhanced radiosensitivity against ENU-induced leukemia and gamma-irradiation-induced liver toxicity[J]. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov, 2026, 21(4): 407-427.
54. Hamasaki T, Kashiwagi T, Imada T, et al. Kinetic analysis of superoxide anion radical-scavenging and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities of platinum nanoparticles[J]. Langmuir, 2008, 24(14): 7354-7364.
55. Xu F, Mu X, Wang J, et al. Ultrasmall Pt clusters reducing radiation-induced injuries via scavenging free radicals[J]. J Biomed Nanotechnol, 2017, 13(11): 1512-1521.
56. Piacenti-Silva M, Zaparoli H H, Isikawa M M, et al. Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles boost radiotherapy and protect against radiation damage[J]. ACS Omega, 2025, 10(38): 44056-44063.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Research advances in nanobiotechnology targeting reactive oxygen species for radiation injury repair

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